who was to blame for the cold war

Question 1

what was disagreed at the yalta conference

Answer 1

• POLAND- 1) Stalin wanted the borde of the USSR to move westwards into poland and in turn poland could move their border into german territory
  2) Churchill did not approve but could not do anything as he knew the red army controlled poland and east germany
  3) Churchill persuaded roosevelt to accept it as long as stalin didn’t interfere with greece where britain were trying to prevent the communists from taking over. stalin accepted this.

Question 2

what was agreed at the yalta conference

Answer 2

• JAPAN- Stalin agreed to enter the war against japan once germany had surrendered- ELECTIONS- countries would be able to hold free elections once they had been liberated by germany- GERMANY- divided into 4 zones : American, french, british and sovietUNITED NATIONS- the big 3 decided to join the new United Nations organisation which would aim to keep peaceWAR CRIMINALS- the big three decided to hunt down an punish war criminals who were responsible for the genocide in concentration campsEASTERN EUROPE- should be seen as a soviet sphere of influence due to the risk of another invasion from europe

Question 3

agreed at potsdam

Answer 3

• Nazi party bannned
• future border between poland and germany
• occupation zones in GErmany
• each ally could remove industrial machinery from its zone

between the conferences relations had deteriated- USSR found out about the a- bomb- roosevelt dies- soviets form sympathetic governments

Question 4

disagreed at potsdam

Answer 4

• stalin wanted to take reparations from Germany
• stalin wanted to cripple germany; 20 million russians had died
• stalin wanted to set up pro soviet governments in eastern europe; truman

Question 5

greece 1945

Answer 5

• various greek parties signed the treaty of varkez with the support of the allies; it said there should be :
• referendum on monarchy
• general election
• demobilisation of ELAs; military left wing party
• commmunist party in greece was still legal
• this rose tensions between allies and communists

Question 6

greece 1947

Answer 6

• monarchists and communists
• british troops sent in 1945
• supported monarchists
• restored monarchy
• 1946 communists tried to take control of greece
• 1947- britain withdraw troops
• truman paid for british troops to stay
• royalists were in government

Question 7

soviet expansion

Answer 7

• poland- communist colalition 1947
• east germany- german democratic republic 1947
• czechoslovakia- coalition 1945- other parties banned 1948
• yugoslavia- Tito wanted to run his own communist party
• albania- communist after war ended
• bulgaria- left wing coalition. others executed
• hungary- communist 1947- largest party- imprisonend politicians- attacked church leaders
• romania- left wing coalition 1945. 1947 communists abolish monarchy

Question 8

truman doctrine

Answer 8

• aim to contain communism

- USA now anti - communist

Question 9

marshall aid

Answer 9

• believed poverty helped communism
• money provided to help rebuild europe’s economy
• 16 countries accepted
• $13 billion - europe- 1947-51

Question 10

berlin blockade

Answer 10

• no agreement on introducing democracy to Germany
• west- capitalist
• east- communist
• economic free trade area : ‘bizonia’ formed 1947- france koined later to make it trizonia. western zones recovered fast- refugees- marshall aid
• stalin mistrusted the west-left allied control council (responsible for german matters)
  June 1948- deutsch mark in trizonia
• USSR objected; harassed road, rail and canal links from berlin to the west
• 1948 blockade
• 2.5 million west berliners cut off
• faced starvation

Question 11

airlift

Answer 11

• june 24th 1948- soviets announced that the 4 power administration was over and the allies had to leave
• couldn’t break blockade- act of war
• june 26th- us and british airlift into west berlin; fuel, food and supplies
• 11 months; along corridor between berlin and western germany
• both sides built up forces- us - bombers with atomic weapons- USSR- soldiers to germany
• USSR could not shoot them down- spark war
• suffered from a western ban of importing communist exports
• back down may 12th 1948

Question 12

NATO

Answer 12

• ernest bevin believed western europe was undefended against soviets
• permanent presence in europe of a us army
• they would defend against communism
• deterrant against soviet attack
• psychological
• not a large enough standing army

Question 13

warsaw pact

Answer 13

• military alliance between all satelite states