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History > how effectively did the us contain the spread of communism > Flashcards

how effectively did the us contain the spread of communism Flashcards

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1
Q

korean war

A

1948- republic of south korea
1948- communist democratic peoples republic north korea
- both believed they should run the country
- truman wanted support of the UN as it would look better to the rest of the world
- truman wanted UN to call on north korea to remove their troops
- US in a powerful position to influence its decisons
- USSR boycotting UN so their claim was invalid

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2
Q

korean war october 1950

A
  • UN forces land and pusan and inchon

- push North korea back to 17th parallel

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3
Q

korean war october 1950

A
  • mcarthur quickly achieves the un target
  • wants to go into north korea
  • UN agree
  • pushes to border with china
  • mao says if he goes any further china will join in the war
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4
Q

korean war novmeber 1950

A
  • UN forces retreat
  • 200,000 chinese troops join north korea. soldiers committed to communism and hated americans
  • modern soviet tanks and planes
  • pushed back to south korea
  • worst conditions they’d ever seen
  • chinese used to this; rugged mountains; swamps; ravines
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5
Q

korean war march 1951

A
  • macarthur and truman fell out
  • mcarthur wanted to carry on the war
  • he was ready to invade china
  • truman believed saving south korea was good enough
  • risks of attacking china too great
  • mcarthur openly threatened an attack on china
  • in april truman removed mcarthur from his position as commander
  • accepting he could not drive the communists out of korea
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6
Q

june 1951

A
  • fighting reached stalemate at 38th parallel
  • peace talks begin
  • two more years of fighting
  • large civilian casulties
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7
Q

july 1953

A
  • 1952 truman replaced by eisenhower who wanted to end the war
  • stalin’s death in 1953 made china and north korea less confident
  • armistice signed
  • border the same
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8
Q

how did the usa react to the cuban revolution

A
  • economic sanctions
  • us stopped trading with cuba and refused cuban raw materials
    bay of pigs invasion:
  • planned under eisenhower took place under kennedy
  • airstrikes would take out air bases
  • 1400 troops would land on a beach at night in the bay of pigs
  • paratroopers would be dropped to distract transportation
  • smaller force would land to the east to create confusion
  • would all march on havanna with cuban exiles gaining support
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9
Q

why did the bay of pigs invasion fail

A
  • castro knew of it
  • air strikes missed targets- american support for the invasion was revealed
  • many killed or captured- used the captured as propaganda
  • very few cubans joined the invasion
  • 20,000: 1400
  • no control of the skies
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10
Q

cuban missile crisis day 1

A
  • nuclear ss4 missiles found on cuba
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11
Q

cuban missile crisis day 2

A
  • ex comm formed

- discussed options for cuba

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12
Q

cuban missile crisis day 3

A
  • soviets didn’t know that america knew of the missiles

- kennedy didn’t want to bomb cuba but military did

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13
Q

cuban missile crisis day 4

A

kennedy meeting with foreign secretary
said they were only defensive
kennedy liked the idea of a blockade

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14
Q

cuban missile crisis day 5

A
  • kennedy wanted to keep secrecy

- meeting with joint chiefs who wanted air strike

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15
Q

cuban missile crisis day 6

A

discussed air strike or blockade; liked blockade

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16
Q

cuban missile crisis day 7

A
  • blockade only option
  • air strike not 100% effective; too many casulties;
  • not an act of war
  • press know but are secret
17
Q

cuban missile crisis day 8

A
  • america ready for cuban attack; DEFCON 3; kennedy sent speach to krushchev ( saying they were offensive weapons)- krushchev said they were only defensive weapons
18
Q

cuban missile crisis day 9

A
  • quarantine put in place 500 miles outside cuba
19
Q

cuban missile crisis day 10

A
  • soviet ships advance towards quarantine
  • american ships prepared to fire
  • pulled back
20
Q

cuban missile crisis day 11

A
  • kennedy doesn’t back down
  • exchange might take place
  • soviet tanker let through; some missiles are fully operational
21
Q

cuban missile crisis day 12

A
  • krushchev wants to declare that the ships are not carrying arms and that america won’t invade cuba
22
Q

cuban missile crisis day 13

A
  • U2 shot down
  • krushchev said in the first letter that he’ll remove his missiles if the us remove the quarantine
  • second letter- rremove missiles from cuba if us remove theirs from turkey
  • kennedy replied to 1 st letter
23
Q

cuban missile crisis day 14

A

krushchev agrees

24
Q

outcomes for USSR

A

+ive:

  • showed krushchev as a peacemaker
  • kept cuba communist
  • usa had to withdraw missiles from turkey
  • ive:
  • forced to back down
  • military humiliated
  • no impact on missiles gap; huge financial cost
  • krushchev remove from power 1964
25
Q

outcomes for US

A

+ive:

  • improved kennedy’s reputation
  • stuck to what he wanted
  • managed to trade missiles in turkey eventhough nato’s allies were unhappy about this
  • Ive
  • cuba communist
  • trade and economic restrictions in cuba
  • exposed the to criticism from allies; Britain said itwas unreasonable for the USA to complain about missiles in cuba when they had missiles in Turkey
26
Q

vietnam war background

A

1939- under french rule
1941- japanese rule- local population starved
1945- vietminh (communist) replace french and japanese
1945- french in control of south vietnam
america assisted countries opposed to communism

27
Q

geneva agreement

A
  • vietnam spli
  • north communist
  • south capitalist
  • vietminh would withdraw from the south and the french from the north
  • date for elections fixed for july 1956
28
Q

strategic hamlet programme

A
  • diem tried to gain support by taking peasants away from areas where the NLF was strong
  • aimed to stop villagers helping communists
  • moved to an area protected by vietnamese soldiers
  • peasants had to pay government officials for building materials and barbed to protect their houses
  • these items were provided for free by the US
  • NLF did not starve amd weren’t cut off from the peasants
  • some were already in the village
  • peasants became supporters because of the way they were treated
29
Q

increasing american involvement in vietnam

A

1954- US prevent elections as they feared the communists would win
1955- americans set up republic of south vietnam
- supported diem with around $1.6 billion in 1950s
1960- NLF in south vietnam formed (vietcong)
1962- kennedy sends military personnel to help the south vietnamese army
1963- kennedy assassinated
- lyndon johnson
- more committed to full scale conflict
1964- north vietnamese patrol boats fire on US ships in the gulf of Tonkin
1965: operation rolling thunder
- 3,500 US marines, combat troops come ashore at da nong

30
Q

vietcong tactics

A
  • won support of villagers
  • ambush south vietnamese or american patrol and capture or kill them
  • set booby traps or plant bombs on known patrol routes
  • built network of tunnels- weapon stores, sleeping quarters, kitchens, hospitals
  • developed supply routes from north vietnam called the ho chi minh trail
  • travelled light
  • soviet AK 47- reliable
31
Q

american tactics

A
  • travelled with huge backpack
  • gun unreliable
    operation rolling thunder:
  • did not bomb major cities in north vietnam; ddi not want intervention of USSR
  • hoped that North Vietnam would back down once they had felt the might of the US. did not happen
    -blanket bombing
  • more bombs dropped than on germany in WW2

search and destroy:

  • helicopters carried a small number of US troops for suprise attacks on vietcong controlled villages
  • fast helicopters gave vietcong little warning
  • every home in the village was searched, if any sign of vietcong the village was completely destroyed

chemical warfare napalm: bomb that exploded and showered voctims with napalm that stuck to the skin and burned at 800 C

  • agent orange- destroyed undergrwth leaving only bare trees
  • caused cancer
  • 400,000 people died
  • 500,000 children born with a birth defect
32
Q

tet offensive

A

january 31st 1968- viet cong attack saigon
3am - vietcong soldiers storm radio station to tell people to rise up against the south vietnamese government
vietcong attacked american embassy
many casulties

33
Q

consequences of the tet offensive

A
  • short term communist failure
  • viet cong embassy showed that the us were far from victory
  • us military victory; 30,000 vietcong killed, they never recovered from the loss
  • north vietnamese official admitted it was a failure
  • north vietnam started peace talks
  • american public anti- war- shocked by footage of civilian casulties aand the fighting in saigon. meant to be an american stronghold
  • american public want war to be ended as soon as possible
  • congress refused request for 200,000 more troops
  • lyndon johnson stepped down; nixon in
  • cronkite influenced americans
  • shocked at the brutality- didn’t want to support this behaviour
34
Q

my lai massacre march 1968

A
  • charlie company started a search and destroy mission
  • told the my lai area contained many vietcong
  • told they should kill everyone in the village
  • 300-400 people died
  • most people killed were old men, woman and children
  • first seen as success but an american soldier told life magazine something dark and bloody had happened
  • many officers were charged
  • american public found out
35
Q

kent state university

A
  • 4 white middle class americans were shot dead
  • went against the right to protest
  • vietnam war could not be won
  • students were the age group dong the fighting and they protesting against it
36
Q

ending the war in vietnam

A
  • nixon elected
  • worked to end us involvement
  • USSR and china improved relations with US
  • started handing responsibility for the war to south vietamese
  • 400,000 US troops left vietnam by 1971
  • peace negotiations started
  • nixon increased bombing campaigns to show he wasn’t weak
  • 1973 troops left vietnam; signed peace treaty
  • fell to communists within two years
  • communists invade saigon
  • communists had won

History (8 decks)

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