Who was to blame for the Cold war (2) Flashcards
What is a cold war?
no actually fighting just tension between countries
Who were the allies against hitler and what united them?
- USA
- UK
- Soviet Union
- AH most common danger
Why were relations harmed between UK and USSR harmed + what year?
- in the 30’s
- bc of appeasement
When was the nazi soviet pact signed?
24th AUG 1939
What were the USA ideologies?
- capitalist
- wealthiest country
- equality - free of control
- ‘doing the right thing’
What were the USSR ideologies?
- Communist
- econ supowerpower- less that USA
- Rights tightly controlled
- Selfish building of own econ and country
When was the yalta conference?
Feburary 1945
What were the disagreements of the yalta conference
- Poland
- stalin wanted to move borders westward and the west was unhappy about these plans
What were the agreements of the yalta conference?
- GERMANY - divided into 4 zones
- EAST EU- soviet sphere of influence
- UN
- WAR CRIMINALS - Punish them
- JAPAN- stalin went to war in JAP after Ger surrendered
- ELECTIONS - free elections
Why was poland important?
It was the largest country in the East EU
Who were the london poles?
Pole gove fled to london
strong anti soviets
-catholics
-landowners
Who were the lupin poles?
- Jully 44. soviet union, future government of poland
- mostly comm
What happened on August 1944
- warsaw uprising
- nazi crushed uprising - 300,000 poles were killed
- red army liberated warsaw
When did the red army take control of poland
January 1945
Why did russia refuse to let the london poles have control?
- not comm
what happened 16th March 45?
comm resistance arrested by stalin
When was the potsdam conference held?
17th july -august 1945
why had relationships changed since yalta? (5)
- new US president -Truman
- S occupation of East EU
- comm gov in poland
- east eu= defensive measure
- s left troops in occupied countries
When did the allies test the atomic bomb?
-16th July 1945
What were the disagreements at the potsdam conference?
- GERMANY -S wanted to cripple ger. truman didn’t want repeat of TOV
- REPARATIONS- 20 mill rue dead, S wanted compensation
- EAST EU - T unhappy with stalins attitude - get tough
What were the key decisions to do with potsdam? (5)
- ger division
- de nazification
- s wanted compensation
- ger terrirtory
- S agreed to demands Eg Japan
Why was Potsdam the start of the cold war?
heightened the mistrust between nations
when did the iron curtain come down - what does this mean
- 5th march 1946
- divide in east/west EU
When was czechoslavakia ‘liberated’
9th may 1945
Who led the czech gov?
Benes- left wing
what was marshall aid?
- econ pack from US aids with war recovery
what did the SOviets want instead of Marshall aid?
What did stalin do?
Comecon was created
-prevented East eu from receiving it
Why was Jan maseriqat murdered?
-because he accepted marshall aid in January 1948 murdered
What was the Truman doctrine about?
- Containment
USA spend money and advice to countries threatened by communism
Czechoslovakia 1948
- coalition gov non comm and comm
- Gottwald (comm leader) controlled radio, army and police. Became prime minister- non comm arrested
When was the berlin blockade?
- June 1948
what was the berlin blockade and what did it symbolise?
- blocked supply lines, cut off 2 mill strong population of west, berlin became dependent on USSR
- berlin symbolised freedom behind iron curtain
What was the berlin airlift
-how long
10 months of airlifting supplies e.g. clothes food oil
-
when was the blockade lifted by stalin
MAY 1949
What were three consequences of B blockade
Divided Ger
- pattern for cold war = suspicion
- Powerful system __ demo system in heart of comm - divided for 4 years
When and what was nato?
west powers allied
- April 1949
West powers would defend and not interfere with internal affairs
When and what was COMIFORM
Politcal, in 1947 brought together all the EU comm parties
Comecon - what?
- States must trade with comecon
- set up to coordinate econ polices
Why was USA more responsible for increased tension - explain each one
- NATO (12 states, collective security, S left out)
- ATOMIC BOMB - (makes RSA feel threatened)
- GREEK CIVIL WAR- (uk monarchy, rsa comm= clash)
- TRUMAN DOCTRINE - (Containment, unsympethetic to USSR)
- NEW WEST GER STATE - ( alliance = threat to S, ideologies)
- MARSHALL AID - (Usa exert influence, political effect, boost own econ)
How was the USSR more responsible for tension - explain each
(7)
FIXED ELECTIONS ( comm, S untrushworthy, force/manipulation)
BERLIN BLOCKADE - (challenge west, S increase sphere of influence, made berlin dependent on USSR)
- COILITION GOV- 1945 romania
- BANNED OTHER PARTIES (rigged elections, czech and hungry ‘48)
- PREVENTION OF MARSHALL AID
- CONTROL OF CZECH
- OPP LEADERS ARRESTED
- COMECON/COMIFORM (political org for comm, s increased power)
