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History (Helena) > How secure was USSR's control over East EU? > Flashcards

How secure was USSR's control over East EU? Flashcards

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1
Q

Berlin wall

A

1949-1961

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2
Q

Why was the wall put up?

A
  • 2 and 1/2 mill left east GER to the west- comms worried bc couldn’t afford to lose lots of people
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3
Q

When was the acc wall constructed

  • what was it
  • what did it acheive
A

13th august 1961

  • 30 mile barrier separated east and west
  • no one could leave - escapees shot
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4
Q

Why would’ve the east been attracted to the west?

A
  • full shops
  • democracy
  • higher quality of life
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5
Q

Why did president kenn allow the wall?

A
  • to avoid war
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6
Q

What were the reasons for the uprising in Hungary (9)

A
  • conc camp threat
  • people classed
  • food shortages ( livestock and crops to USSR)
  • communist rule - 1 party state democ wanted
  • lower quality of life
  • indoctrination
  • wanted soviet troops removed
  • oppression
  • jelousy of west
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7
Q

When was the uprising in Hungary

A

october 1956

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8
Q

What were the rebels aims?

A
  • democracy

- losen soviet control

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9
Q

Why did the soviets intervene?

A
  • hungary wanted to leave warsaw pact - going against comm

- wanted to gain control

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10
Q

Who became prime minister and what happedd

A

Nagye ( liberal)

- free elections

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11
Q

Was was nagye arrested and Janos kadar was ensured loyalty to Russia

A
  • November 4th 1956
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12
Q

On november 4th 1956 what else happened?

A
  • 200,000 troops and 4000 tanks entered hungary

- 20,000 were killed or wounded

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13
Q

Why was there opposition in Czechoslavakia in 1968? (6)

A
  • Dubeck wanted socialism with a human face
  • brutal oppression
  • opposition were intellects
  • censorship was eased to attack comm leaders
  • wanted warsaw pact just wanted to loosen communism
  • wanted increased living standard
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14
Q

What was different in hungary then czech

A
  • czech just wanted a loser comm system where as in hungary wanted to get rid of comm all together and leave warsaw pact
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15
Q

Why did the societies intervene

A
  • Fear czech would demand freedom

- they were suspicious bc czech had the best industry and was central- fear ideas would spread out

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16
Q

When did soviet tanks move into czehc?

A
  • 20th aug 1968
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17
Q

How many tanks moved in and what happened to dubeck

A

500,000 troops invaded and dubeck was out of power

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18
Q

What was the results of Tanks

A
  • refused to co-operate
  • zebeck out of POW
  • More resentment 2wards RSA
  • Brenchev doctrine
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19
Q

What was brenchev doctrine?

A
  • one party state

- warsaw pact

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20
Q

what changes occurred by dubeck before soviet intervention

A
  • travel to west for all
  • free elections
  • increased living standards
  • opposition permitted
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21
Q

when did solidarity in poland take place?

A

July 1980

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22
Q

What did the government do in poland in July 1980

A

raised meat prices

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23
Q

What happened in Gdansk Shipyeard and when? - who was the leader?

A
  • august 1980

- led by lech wale sea workers put forward 21 demands to gov…started trade union called solidarity

24
Q

What were some of the demands the workers wanted?

A
  • right to strike
  • more pay
  • end censorship
  • free trade unions
25
Q

when did the governments agree to demands

A
  • 30th august 1980
26
Q

By september how many members did solitary have?

A

3.5 million

27
Q

By october how many members did solidariy have and what did it lead to

A
  • 7 mill it was recognised by the government
28
Q

By jan ‘81

A

9.4 mill - 1/3 of all workers were

29
Q

What were 7 reasons solidarity succeed

A

gov playing for time

  • membership increased quickly
  • support of cath church
  • Union was popular
  • Lech walsea careful
  • Early stages had originally not been seen as alternative 2 comm
  • shipindustry was the strongest and was important to gov
30
Q

why was comm not an alternative to comm

A

bc 30% comm joined

31
Q

What were the reasons for crushing solidarity

A
  • acting as a political party
  • poland sinking in 2 chaos
  • solidarity tumbling into chaos
32
Q

When did comm have control by?

A
  • december 1981
33
Q

What was the significance of solidarity

A
  • highlighted failure of comm
  • ineffiecency/ corruption of comm
  • threatened by people power
  • orgs capable of resisting comm gov
  • undermined claim that comm benefitted normal people
34
Q

When did Gorbachev become leader of soviet Union

A

1985

35
Q

How was gorbachev a realist?

A
  • Econ was weak

- 2 much money was spend of arms race + afghan war

36
Q

What were two of gorbachevs main policies?

A
  • We won’t intervene

- you have to reform

37
Q

1 statement for gorb- We won’t intervene

A
  • countries in Eu responsible for their own fates

- peeps thought he was insane and didn’t believe them

38
Q

whats one statement for gorb- You have to reform

A
  • Countreis need to reform
  • Comm system could provide health care and education and transport
  • renew comm
39
Q

What did the reforms include

A

Glasonet which was the policy of honesty and dealing with problems
- Perestroika in 1987 ( programme allowed market forces 2 be introduced into sov u

40
Q

How did defence spending cut?

A

red army shrunk

41
Q

How were international relations improved for Sov u

A
  • withdrew form afghan
  • plus there was talk of international trust and co operation
  • US and USSR relations improved
42
Q

What were problems in 6

A
  • low qual of life
  • opp from hardliners
  • alcholoism
  • bad work standard
  • poor econ cond
  • no new ideas
43
Q

What did the red army state in March 1989

A

-that they won’t intervene

44
Q

When was barbed wire dismantled bet countries and which countries?

A
  • May 1989

- barbed wire dismantled bet ween hungary and non comm aux

45
Q

When did poland have free elections and what was the outcome

A
  • June 1989

- Solidarity won- non comm Lech

46
Q

What happened september 1989

A
  • demonstrations in east germany and the soviet tanks would not restore order
47
Q

November 1989

A

berlin wall was dismantled and the chzech opened bordered with west

48
Q

December 1989 (3)

A
  • Romania - there was a revolution and Comm dictator executed
  • Hungary - free elections in 1990
  • bulgaria- demonstrations against comm gov
49
Q

When did latvia become independent from USSR

A

march 1990

50
Q

What did people power achieve

A
  • comm controlled toppled
51
Q

when was her reunified

A
  • 3rd octber 1990
52
Q

When was lithuania, azerbaijan became independent

A

-march 1990

53
Q

What did the russian president state in may 1990

A

that no future for soviet union and it should become an independent state

54
Q

When was ukraine independent

A

july 1990

55
Q

What happened in August 1991

A
  • hardliners attempted coup
  • gorbachev kept prisoner
  • tanks and troops moved through moscow
56
Q

When was the end of Soviet union?

A

25th december 1991

History (Helena) (18 decks)

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