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BECOM III - Exam 3 > Whites Lectures > Flashcards

Whites Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

what drug is the gold standard for leukemia?

A

Gleveec/Imatinib

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2
Q

when is chemo most affective?

A

during the GROWTH phase of a tumor

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3
Q

chemo kills via what kinetics?

A

1st order

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4
Q

major thing that allows for cancer drug resistance

A
  • drug efflux

- multi drug resistance protein (MDR) -> MDR1, MDRP1, BCRP -> eliminate hydrophobic compounds by pumping out drugs

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5
Q

cyclophosphamide side effects

A

BLADDER toxicity

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6
Q

Doxorubicin side effects

A

CARDIOTOXICITY

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7
Q

Bleomycin side effects

A

PULMONARY fibrosis

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8
Q

know the 3 charts/diagrams

A

1st powerpoint

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9
Q

ABVD

A

A - doxorubicin
B - bleomycin
V - vinblastine
D - dacarbazine

for HODGKINS lymphoma

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10
Q

CHOP

A

C - cyclophosphamide
H - hydroxydaunorubicin
O - vincristine
P - prednisone

for NON-HODGKINS lymphoma

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11
Q

FOLFOX

A

FO - fluorouracil
L - leucovorin
OX - oxiplatin

for COLORECTAL cancer

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12
Q

TIP

A

T - paclitaxel
I - ifosfamide
P - platinum agent cisplatin

for TESTICULAR cancer

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13
Q

MOA of the alkylating agents and platinum compounds

A
  • nucleophilic attack of the unstable AZIRIDINE ring by electron donor -> directly damage DNA
  • nitrogen mustard moiety covalently binds
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14
Q

cyclophosphamide (alkylating agent)

A
  • requires activation of CYP450 enzyme

- can have HEMORRHAGIC CYSTS & BLADDER TOXICITY/CANCER

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15
Q

platinum compounds indications

A

-non small cell lung cancer (NSLC) and small cell lung cancer

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16
Q

platinum compound that is 1st line treatment in COLORECTAL CANCER?

A

Oxaliplatin + 5FU & Leucovorin

-be careful with peripheral neuropathy

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17
Q

what platinum compound is for testicular cancer?

A

-Cisplatin + TIP

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18
Q

anthracycline antibiotics that cause CARDIOTOXICITY

A

Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin

-chronic -> dilated cardiomyopathy

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19
Q

antibiotic that can cause PULMONARY TOXICITY

A

Bleomycin

-treat both Hodgkins and SCC of skin/cervix/uvula

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20
Q

antibiotic used to treat rhabdomyosarcoma & Wilms tumor & Ewing sarcoma in children

A

Dacitnomycin (Actinomycin D)

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21
Q

folate analogue (“-trexate”) PK

A

if given NSAIDs in RENAL failure -> delay drug excretion -> SEVERE myelosuppression

-prolonged myelosuppression w/ compromised renal function

22
Q

methotrexate MOA

A

inhibit DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE in 2 spots -> prevent conversion of DHF to THF

-LEUCOVORIN RESCUE to prevent side effects

23
Q

what does methotrexate treat?

A

ALL

-also 1st line treatment in RA

24
Q

pyrimidine analogues side effects

A

HAND-FOOT syndrome from Capecitabine use

chest pain w/ ischemia from CA vasospasm w/ 5-FU use

25
Q

cytarabine (cytidine/pyrimidine analogue)

A

treat AML

side effect -> chemical CONJUNCTIVITIS

26
Q

6MP & 6TG (purine analogues)

A
  • treat human leukemias -> ALL
  • 6MP + azathioprine predispose to opportunistic infections
  • 6MP -> cause AML w/ long term use for Chrohn’s disease
27
Q

Vinca alkaloid side effects

A

-NEUROTOXIC -> peripheral neuropathy

28
Q

Vinblastine (vinca alkaloid)

A

treat TESTICULAR cancer

-also Hodgkins lymphoma

29
Q

Vincristine

A

treat peds w/ leukemia, lymphoma, WILMS tumor, neuroblastoma, RHABDOMYOSARCOM

-inject into CSF -> FATAL COMA & SEIZURES

30
Q

major side effects of Taxanes

A

HYPERSENSITIVITY w/ paclitaxel infusion

FLUID RETENTION w/ docetaxel infusion

31
Q

Topotecan side effects

A

NEUTROPENIA w/ or w/o thrombocytopenia

32
Q

Irinotecan side effects

A

DELAYED DIARRHEA w/ or w/o neutropenia

-give Loperamide to prevent this

33
Q

main side effects of corticosteroids

A

glucose intolerance, immunosuppression, osteoporosis, psychosis

34
Q

aromatase enzyme

A

converts androgens into estrogen hormones

35
Q

estrogen receptors

A
  • SERMs -> Tomoxifen

- SERDs -> FULVESTRANT** -> degrades the estrogen receptor on ER+/PR+ breast cancer

36
Q

side effects of aromatase inhibitors

A

estrogen depletion -> hot flashes, vaginal bleeding/discharge, increase risk of fracture

37
Q

Anti-androgens (“-tamides”)

A

treat PROSTATE cancer

38
Q

EGFR drugs that treat NSCLC with EGFR mutations

A

Erlotinib and Afatinib

-acneiform RASH with Erlotinib**

39
Q

Cetuximab

A
  • bind to EGFR/ERBB1 receptors
  • treat COLON cancer and HNSCC
  • acneiform rash like Erlotinib
40
Q

Trastuzamab

A
  • bind to HER2/ERBB2
  • treat HER2+ BREAST/gastric cancer
  • worry about HEART FAILURE (cardiotoxicity)
41
Q

Vismodegib

A
  • blocks Hedgehog signaling path

- treat Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

42
Q

Vemurafenib

A
  • BRAF inhibitor (V600E)

- treat metastatic MELANOMA

43
Q

2 drugs that are BTK inhibitors & treat MCL, WM, CLL, SLL

A

Ibrutinib and Acalabrutinib

44
Q

Gleevec (imatinib)

A

BCR-ABL inhibitor (philadelphia chromosome t9;22)

treat CML** & mucosal melanoma

may have fluid retention

45
Q

Crizotinib

A
  • ALK inhibitor
  • treat NSCLC w/ ALK or ROS1 gene rearrangements
  • worry about QT prolongation & BRADYCARDIA**
46
Q

Rapamycin

A
  • mTORC1 inhibitor

- treat RENAL cancer

47
Q

Bortezomib

A
  • PROTEASOME inhibitor
  • 1st line treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM)** & relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

worry about peripheral neuropathy

48
Q

most common NSCLC

A

Adenocarcinoma

49
Q

most common actionable mutation in lung cancer

A

EGFR mutations

50
Q

Pembrolizumab

A
  • inhibits PD-1 receptor on T cells

- treat MELANOMA and NSCLC

51
Q

Ipilimumab

A
  • inhibits CTLA-4

- treat MELANOMA and RENAL CELL carcinoma (in combo w/ Nivolumab)

BECOM III - Exam 3 (8 decks)

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