🩸🔪Whitechapel - The People🔪🩸 Flashcards
Who was charles booth
a buisness man who conducted a survey on living conditions in london
why did charles booth conduct his survey?
booth wanted to see if the reports on london poverty were as bad as they said (he thought they were exagerated)
how many reasearches did charles booth imploy
80
how did charles booth start his survey
he defined the poverty line
how did charles booth define the poverty line
he said that poverty was less than £1 a week for a family of 5
according to charles booth, how much of london was living in poverty?
30%
what did charles booth do once he had finished his research
he published it into a series of books
what was the name of charles booth’s series of books
‘the life and labours of the people in london’
when did charles booth publish his book
1889
what did charles booth hope to do with his research
to change people’s veiws on poverty and prove that poverty was not a choice
what is a rookery
a place with lots of doss houses that was often overcrowded
give an example of a rookery
flower and dean street
how many doss houses were there on flower and dean street in 1871
31
how many people were there staying on flower and dean street in 1871
902
what is a doss house
a really cheap lodging house
how old were the doss houses in flower and dean street
they dated back to 1600
how far apart were the houses in flower and dean street
16 feet
give and example of poor sanitation in flower and dean street
the toilets were buckets outside
give 4 facts about how awful flower and dean street was
- overcrowded
- really old buildings
- crowded buildings
- lack of sanitation
how much did it cost for an evening stay in flower and dean street
4 pence
why did people not stay in flower and dean street for long
they needed to move on to find work
why was there lots of job insecurity in flower and dean street?
most jobs paid poorly and were only for short periods of time
give an example of a job that a person living on flower and dean street might have
working on the docks
give an example of how poorly paid people living on flower and dean street were
they were paid as little aas 12 shillings a week
what was flower and dean street’s reputation?
it had a reputation for attracting the workst thives, drunkards and prostitues
why did flower and dean street habe a bad reputation?
because of the poverty
why did the doss houses on flower and dean street attract crimingals
you could stay there to avoid detection from the police
why did the low pay in flower and dean street increase crime
many were forced to resort to stealing or prostituion to get by
how did charles booth describe flower and dean street
a vicious, semi criminal area
why were people concerned about the levels of crime on flower and dean street
they thought that honset people would be corrupted by the criminal underlcass
where was the ten bells pub
near flower and dean street
what was the ten bells pub like
it was rife with crime, but also provided a hot meal and warmth in the winter
how did those living in doss houses veiw the ten bells pub?
they saw it as a relief
why was drink a huge problem in whitechapel
people were trying to forget their troubles
why did drink lead to increased crime
it led people to commiting crimes but also made someone more likely to be the victim of a crime
what kinds of people could you expect to find in the ten bells pub?
theives and prostitues
what link does the ten bells pub have to the ripper murders?
Mary Kelly was seen drinking there the night she was killed
when was the poor law passsed
1834
what was the por law
it stated that if somone could not afford a place of residence, they could go the the workhouse
what were conditions like in the workhouses
they were awful
give 5 examples of the bad conditions in workhouses
- families seperated
- strict routines
- awful food
- deliberatlly hard beds
- intensive labour
why were workhouse conditions so bad
they were deliberataly bad because people thought the poor would choose the workhouse over ‘hard work’
what is a casual ward
a workhouse where you only stay for short periods of time
give 3 facts about the casual ward in whitechapel
- inmates were not paid wage
- they were provided with a basic meal and bed
- they were maid to do boring and repetitive e.g picking oakum
how did people veiw going into the workhouse
it was seen as shameful
why was going into the workhouse seen as shameful
because it meant relying on charity
what was the impact of shaming around workhouses
it meant people would be more likely to turn to crime than to go into the workhouse
what was anual death rate in the area where the peabody estate was built before it was built?
50 people in every 1000 (this was double the london average)
when was the peabody estate bought
1876
who built the peabody estate
the peabody trust
what was the peabody trust
a charity set up by a rich american banker
what happend in the peabody estate
the slum was cleared and quality flats were built
give 2 positives about the peabody estate
- the walls were made of brick to prevent lice
- the residents shared bathrooms and kitchens
when was the construction of the peabody esrate finished
1881
how many flats were there in the peabody estate
287
was rent affordable in the peabody estate
no - and if you could not pay the rent you were immediately thrown out
what was the impact of the peabody estate?
it shows how improvements in one area lead to overcrowiding in another - this means that criminals and ordianry people are pusherd closer in society
list the 4 factors that affected crime in whitechapel
- lodging houses and pubs
- prostitues
3.the residuum
4.alchohol
how did lodging houses and pubs affect crime in whitechapel?
the overcrowding pushed ordinary people and criminals closer together
why did prostitution affect crime in whitechapel
it was not technically illegal, but it was a senistive subject for the police as it was seen as a social problem that needed to be monitored carefully
how many prostitues were there in whitechapel in 1888
1200
how did the residuum affect crime in whitechapel
the residuum were supposed to be people that were ‘born criminal’ and therefore unredeemable. this caused a lot of fear
how did alchohol affect crime and whitechapel
it made people more likely to commit crime, but it also made the more likely to be victims of crime
give 4 groups that lived in whitechapel
irish
jewish
socialist
anarchist
why were jewish people attracted the whitechapel
because of the availablitly of jobs and accommodation
how many jewish people arrived in london in the 1880s looking for work?
30,000
give an example of a jewish community in whitechapel
berner’s street
why did jewish people protest against their working conditions
they worked for longer hours for less pay
when did the jewish people start to violently protest their working conditions
1889
how many jewish people took part in peaceful strikes to try and improve their working conditions
10000
give 3 reasons why jewish people where treated with suspicion by other residents of whitechapel
- there was a languade barrier
- cultural differneces
- the media played on stereotypes
how did the media affect jewish people in whitechapel?
it made them more likely to be victims of hate crimes due the the media’s use of stereotypes
how did jewish people in whitechapel try to solve their problems
without involving the police
why were jewish people in whitechapel suspicious of the police?
they had been badly treated by police in russia and poland
when did irish immigrtation the england start
1800s
what jobs were dominated by irish people
dock workers
what did increased irish immigration to england cuase
‘Fenian Irish Nationalism’
what was ‘Fenian Irish Nationalism’
the beleif that ireland should become independant from britain
why were irish people the target of suspicion in whitechapel
because they were roman catholic
when did a small bombing campaign started by Fenians take place
1884
give 2 examples of places that were bombed by Fenians
gower street and trafalgar square
how did socialism arrive in england
it was brought over by people from eastern europe
give an example of a socialist newspaper from whitchapel
the ‘workers friend’
who produced the ‘workers friend’
jewish people on berner street
who was worried about socialism in london
rich factory owners
what was the result of fear of socialism in whitechapel
many were arrested or kept under surveilance
when did anarchism begin to devlop in london
the 1880s
who brought anrachism to london
russian immigrants
how did the english press repsond to anarchism in whitechapel
they whipped up fear
how the the press create fear around anrachism in whitechapel
they blamed unsolved murders on an ‘underground anarchist movement’
