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History > 🏛️🧑🏻‍⚖️Modern Crime and Punishment🧑🏻‍⚖️🏛️ > Flashcards

🏛️🧑🏻‍⚖️Modern Crime and Punishment🧑🏻‍⚖️🏛️ Flashcards

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1
Q

list the 6 major crimes in the modern period

A

computer crime
car crime
terrorism
hate crime
smuggling
COs

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2
Q

is computer crime an entriely new concept?

A

no because it is basicallly just theft

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3
Q

give two examples of computer crime

A

scamming
illegal downloading

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4
Q

why has computer crime increased in the modern period

A

the internet created new opportunities to steal

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5
Q

when was the internet created

A

1990s

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6
Q

what is a crime to drive a car without

A

licence, MOT, road tax and insurance

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7
Q

what is a crime to do whilst driving a car

A

speeding
driving under the influence

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8
Q

why did car crimes become a thing?

A

because lots of people were dying from car accidents

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9
Q

how many people died car related deaths in 1934?

A

7,000

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10
Q

when were car crimes invented

A

1935

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11
Q

what is terrrorism

A

using violence to gain attention for a cause, usually political or religious

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12
Q

for how long has terrorism been around?

A

50-60 years

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13
Q

give two examples of terriorist groups

A

the IRA
al-quaida

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14
Q

give one example of a terrorist act

A

the 7/7 bombings

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15
Q

who carried out the 7/7 bombings

A

al-quaida

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16
Q

where were the 7/7 bombings

A

london

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17
Q

when were the 7/7 bombings

A

2005

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18
Q

why has terrorism emerged?

A

because it is a means of getting what you want from a government

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19
Q

is smuggling still a problem today

A

yes

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20
Q

what things are smuggled in the modern period

A

luxries like alchohol and ciggarretes, drugs and sometimes people

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21
Q

why is the government trying to stop smugglers in the modern period

A

tax purposes, and it leads to increased crime

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22
Q

who is smuggling iin the modern period

A

organised criminal gangs

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23
Q

give 3 reasons why smuggling is different in the modern period

A

transport is better
demand is high
conflict is increased

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24
Q

why is it easier to smuggle now that transport is better?

A

because millions of people travel on a daily basis

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25
Q

why are smuggled goods in high demand?

A

illegal drugs are a multi-billion pound industry

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26
Q

why has conflict led to increased smuggling?

A

because immigrants fleeing from conflict need to be smuggled into countries

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27
Q

what is a CO

A

a conscientious objector

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28
Q

what is a conscientious objector

A

a person who refuses to be conscripted either for religious, moral or political reasons

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29
Q

when was conscription introduced in WW1

A

1916

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30
Q

how many COs where there in WW1

A

16,000

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31
Q

what happened to COs in WW1

A

they had to appear infront of a tribunal

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32
Q

what makes ww1 CO tribunals different from ww2 CO tribunals

A

in ww1, the tribunal was harsh as it consisted of ex-soldiers who were not sympathetic to the COs

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33
Q

how many COs where put into prison during ww1

A

6,000

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34
Q

how many COs died in prison during ww1

A

73

35
Q

how did the public react to COs in ww1

A

they were seen as spineless cowards

36
Q

when did ww2 start

A

1939

37
Q

how many COs where there in ww2?

A

60,000

38
Q

how was the publics reaction to COs in ww2

A

the same as in ww`1

39
Q

list 3 reasons why the death penalty was abolished

A

controversial cases
the second world war
less executions

40
Q

give 2 controversial cases of the death penalty in the modern period

A

timothy evans,
derek bently,

41
Q

when was timothy evans executed

A

1950

42
Q

when was derek bently executed

A

1953

43
Q

why was timothy evans’ execution controversial?

A

because it was found after his death that he was not guilty

44
Q

why was derek bently’s execution controversial?

A

because he has learning difficulties and did not even do anything

45
Q

why did ww2 make people dislike the death penalty

A

because they felt it fit the values of hitler’s germany, rather than of britain

46
Q

what was aboilished in 1957

A

hanging for all murderes exept a few exeptions

47
Q

when was hanging for all murders exept a few exeptions abolished

A

1957

48
Q

why did the abolishion of 1957 make people dislike the death penalty

A

because they felt it had no use

49
Q

how many hangings a year were there after 1957

A

just 4

50
Q

list 7 aspects of policing in modern times

A

neighbourhood watch
specialisation
weapons
camera technology
computer records
communication
training

51
Q

what is the emphasis of policing in the modern period

A

preventing crime

52
Q

when was neighbourhood watch founded

A

1982

53
Q

what do the neighbourhood watch do

A

observe suspicious behaviour and report it to the police

54
Q

what does the neighbourhood watch utilise

A

the local community

55
Q

why has policing become more specific in the modern period

A

there are lots of different crimes

56
Q

gvie some examples of specialised police units in the modern period

A

drug squads
counter terrorism
cyber crime

57
Q

do police carry guns in the modern period

A

NO

58
Q

what has the invention of cameras done to policing in the modern period

A

security recordings and speedcameras are used to catch criminals and prevent crime

59
Q

when was the PNC set up

A

1974

60
Q

what does PNC stand for

A

Police National Computer

61
Q

what is the PNC

A

a database on crime available to all police officers

62
Q

what is the PNC similar to?

A

the ‘hue and cry’ newspaper

63
Q

how long does initial police training take in the modern period

A

14 weeks

64
Q

list the four reasons why prisons changed in the modern period

A
  1. modern prisons
  2. rising numbers
  3. prison alternatives
  4. young offenders
65
Q

when was the crank handle abolished?

A

1902

66
Q

how did food, heating and living conditions in prisons change in the modern period

A

they improved

67
Q

when were open prisons created

A

1933

68
Q

what are open prisons

A

prisons where inmates can leave to find work

69
Q

why did prisons become less harsh in the modern period?

A

there was less fear of crime - this meant less pressure on the government to make prisons harsh

70
Q

when did prison numbers begin the rise

A

1940s

71
Q

what happened to the number of inmates in prisons between 1993 and 2015

A

they doubled

72
Q

give a period of time in which number of prisoners doulbed

A

1993 to 2015

73
Q

why did the number of prisoners increase in the modern period

A

sentences becaim longer because prison was the main punishment
also the government wanted to be seen as ‘tough on crime’

74
Q

give 3 alternatives to prison in the modern period

A

probation
electronic tagging
community services

75
Q

how many hours of community service may you be asked to do in the modern period?

A

40-300

76
Q

is comunity service paid in the modern period

A

no

77
Q

why are there new alternatives to prison in the modern period

A

technology has allowed electronic tagging

alternatives save government money

78
Q

how were young offenders treated in the industrial period

A

the same as adults

79
Q

when was the first borstal opened

A

1902

80
Q

when is a borstal

A

a young offenders prison that is akin to a strict bording school

81
Q

when was the last borstal closed

A

19982

82
Q

how are young offenders treated in the modern period

A

usually the parents are punished, but in extreme cases there are young offenders institutions

83
Q

why did the treatment of young offenders in the industrial period change?

A

punishmentts began to lean towards reform - many felt that young people were more likely to change

History (10 decks)

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