🏛️🧑🏻⚖️Modern Crime and Punishment🧑🏻⚖️🏛️ Flashcards
list the 6 major crimes in the modern period
computer crime
car crime
terrorism
hate crime
smuggling
COs
is computer crime an entriely new concept?
no because it is basicallly just theft
give two examples of computer crime
scamming
illegal downloading
why has computer crime increased in the modern period
the internet created new opportunities to steal
when was the internet created
1990s
what is a crime to drive a car without
licence, MOT, road tax and insurance
what is a crime to do whilst driving a car
speeding
driving under the influence
why did car crimes become a thing?
because lots of people were dying from car accidents
how many people died car related deaths in 1934?
7,000
when were car crimes invented
1935
what is terrrorism
using violence to gain attention for a cause, usually political or religious
for how long has terrorism been around?
50-60 years
give two examples of terriorist groups
the IRA
al-quaida
give one example of a terrorist act
the 7/7 bombings
who carried out the 7/7 bombings
al-quaida
where were the 7/7 bombings
london
when were the 7/7 bombings
2005
why has terrorism emerged?
because it is a means of getting what you want from a government
is smuggling still a problem today
yes
what things are smuggled in the modern period
luxries like alchohol and ciggarretes, drugs and sometimes people
why is the government trying to stop smugglers in the modern period
tax purposes, and it leads to increased crime
who is smuggling iin the modern period
organised criminal gangs
give 3 reasons why smuggling is different in the modern period
transport is better
demand is high
conflict is increased
why is it easier to smuggle now that transport is better?
because millions of people travel on a daily basis
why are smuggled goods in high demand?
illegal drugs are a multi-billion pound industry
why has conflict led to increased smuggling?
because immigrants fleeing from conflict need to be smuggled into countries
what is a CO
a conscientious objector
what is a conscientious objector
a person who refuses to be conscripted either for religious, moral or political reasons
when was conscription introduced in WW1
1916
how many COs where there in WW1
16,000
what happened to COs in WW1
they had to appear infront of a tribunal
what makes ww1 CO tribunals different from ww2 CO tribunals
in ww1, the tribunal was harsh as it consisted of ex-soldiers who were not sympathetic to the COs
how many COs where put into prison during ww1
6,000
how many COs died in prison during ww1
73
how did the public react to COs in ww1
they were seen as spineless cowards
when did ww2 start
1939
how many COs where there in ww2?
60,000
how was the publics reaction to COs in ww2
the same as in ww`1
list 3 reasons why the death penalty was abolished
controversial cases
the second world war
less executions
give 2 controversial cases of the death penalty in the modern period
timothy evans,
derek bently,
when was timothy evans executed
1950
when was derek bently executed
1953
why was timothy evans’ execution controversial?
because it was found after his death that he was not guilty
why was derek bently’s execution controversial?
because he has learning difficulties and did not even do anything
why did ww2 make people dislike the death penalty
because they felt it fit the values of hitler’s germany, rather than of britain
what was aboilished in 1957
hanging for all murderes exept a few exeptions
when was hanging for all murders exept a few exeptions abolished
1957
why did the abolishion of 1957 make people dislike the death penalty
because they felt it had no use
how many hangings a year were there after 1957
just 4
list 7 aspects of policing in modern times
neighbourhood watch
specialisation
weapons
camera technology
computer records
communication
training
what is the emphasis of policing in the modern period
preventing crime
when was neighbourhood watch founded
1982
what do the neighbourhood watch do
observe suspicious behaviour and report it to the police
what does the neighbourhood watch utilise
the local community
why has policing become more specific in the modern period
there are lots of different crimes
gvie some examples of specialised police units in the modern period
drug squads
counter terrorism
cyber crime
do police carry guns in the modern period
NO
what has the invention of cameras done to policing in the modern period
security recordings and speedcameras are used to catch criminals and prevent crime
when was the PNC set up
1974
what does PNC stand for
Police National Computer
what is the PNC
a database on crime available to all police officers
what is the PNC similar to?
the ‘hue and cry’ newspaper
how long does initial police training take in the modern period
14 weeks
list the four reasons why prisons changed in the modern period
- modern prisons
- rising numbers
- prison alternatives
- young offenders
when was the crank handle abolished?
1902
how did food, heating and living conditions in prisons change in the modern period
they improved
when were open prisons created
1933
what are open prisons
prisons where inmates can leave to find work
why did prisons become less harsh in the modern period?
there was less fear of crime - this meant less pressure on the government to make prisons harsh
when did prison numbers begin the rise
1940s
what happened to the number of inmates in prisons between 1993 and 2015
they doubled
give a period of time in which number of prisoners doulbed
1993 to 2015
why did the number of prisoners increase in the modern period
sentences becaim longer because prison was the main punishment
also the government wanted to be seen as ‘tough on crime’
give 3 alternatives to prison in the modern period
probation
electronic tagging
community services
how many hours of community service may you be asked to do in the modern period?
40-300
is comunity service paid in the modern period
no
why are there new alternatives to prison in the modern period
technology has allowed electronic tagging
alternatives save government money
how were young offenders treated in the industrial period
the same as adults
when was the first borstal opened
1902
when is a borstal
a young offenders prison that is akin to a strict bording school
when was the last borstal closed
19982
how are young offenders treated in the modern period
usually the parents are punished, but in extreme cases there are young offenders institutions
why did the treatment of young offenders in the industrial period change?
punishmentts began to lean towards reform - many felt that young people were more likely to change
