🏛️🧑🏻⚖️Industrial Crime and Punishment🧑🏻⚖️🏛️ Flashcards
why did Heresy decrease in the Industrial Period
england was now a firmly protestant country
why did witchcraft stop being a crime in the Industrial Period
people were becoming more educated and didnt believe in witches
why did vagrancy decrease in the Industrial Period
the wealth of the people was generally rising
list the major crimes in the Industrial Period
highway robbery
poaching
smuggling
trade unions
what is highway robbery
holding someone at gunpoint on the road to steal their belongings
when did highway robbery begin
in the civil war
give a famous example of a highway robber
dick turpin
when was dick turpin executed
1739
why was it easy for highway robbers to commit crimes on roads in the Industrial Period
people were travelling on them more commonly but they were not buisy
why was gun crime easier for highway robbers in the Industrial Period
guns were becoming quicker to load and cheaper
why was it easy for a highway robber to rob somones money in the Industrial Period
because banks hadn’t been invented yet so people usually carried money with them
what is poaching
illegally hunting one someone elses land
when did poaching begin
meadival times
when was poaching made punishable by death
1723
what did the Waltham Black Act do
make poaching punishable by death
why did some people rely on poaching in the Industrial Period
some jobs like miners were paid very little
was poaching a social crime in the Industrial Period
yes
why was poaching a social crime in the Industrial Period
becuase people thought that the punishment was way too harsh
what is the waltham black act an example of
the bloody code
why was it easy to make a lot of money off of poaching in the Industrial Period
you could sell meat on the black market
how did the government get money in the industrial period
custom duties
what are custom duties
taxes on trade
when was the Industrial Period
1800s
how many smugglers were in england during the Industrial Period
20,000
what items were smuggled in the Industrial Period
tobaccos, tea and spirits.
what was smuggling punishable by in the Industrial Period
death
give 4 reasons why smuggling increased in the Industrial Period
it was a social crime
it was profitable
gang intimidation
lack of government funding
was smuggling a social crime in the Industrial Period
yes
why was smuggling a social crime in the Industrial Period
people liked that it made goods cheaper
how much could you earn helping a smuggler in the Industrial Period
twice the daily wage
how much could you earn being a smuggler in the Industrial Period
seven times the daily wage
give an example of a smugglers gang in the Industrial Period
Hawkhurst gang
what did smuggler gangs do to custom agents that got in the way during the Industrial Period
killed them
why wasn’t smuggling policed very well in the Industrial Period
people were scared of the gangs
why could the government not afford new customs agents to deal with smuggling in the Industrial Period
because the smugglers cut off their only source of income - custom duties!
what is a trade union
a group that fights for workers rights
when was the first trade union made
1833
where was the first trade union made
tolpuddle
who led the first trade union
george loveless
what did the first trade union do to protect themselves
swear a secret oath
how were the first trade union charged as criminals?
there was an old navy law against secret oaths
how were the first trade union punished?
they were transported to australia
why were the first trade union punished so harshly
the landowners and government were afraid of losing money
when was the metropolitan police force created?
1829
give 4 reasons why the metropolitan police force was created
the feilding brothers
sir robert peel
taxes
protest controll
where did the feilding brothers work
in court on bow street
why were the bow street runners set up
the feilding brothers wanted to do something about rising levels of crime
when were the bow street runners set up
1749
what did the bow street runners do
catch theives and investigate criminals
when did the feilding brothers set up horse patrols
1754
who set up the bow street runners
the feilding brothers
what did the bow street runners set up in 1754
horse patrols
when did the bow street runners set up foot patrols
1804
what did the bow street runners set up in 1804
foot patrols
how many men were in the bow street runners’ foot patrols
54
what was the name of the newspaper run by the feilding brothers
the hue and cry
what did the newspaper ‘hue and cry’ do
publish information about criminals to be used by magistrates
who set up the ‘hue and cry’ newspaper
the feilding brothers
why did the bow street runners help to form the metropolitan police force
they proved that a police force was not only necessary but effective as well
when did robert peel become home secretary
1822
what did robert peel want to do as home secretary
improve lives by reducing crime
how did robert peel convince the government that a police force would help people
he used statics to show that crime was rising
how did robert peel help to create the metropolitan police force
he help to create government support and funding needed for its’ creation
how was the government affecting people in the industrial period
it was becoming more involved in their lives
how did people veiw the government in the industrial period
they began to see it could have a positive impact
how did taxes change in the industrial period
local areas were given the right to tax people
how did new tax laws help to create the metropolitan police force
it created the funding that was needed
when did peterloo happeb
1819
what was peterloo
a peaceful protest turned violent massacre
where was peterloo
outside of manchester
what happened at peterloo
the army was sent in to deal with crowd controll, but instead they created a massacre
how many people were killed at peterloo
15
how many people were injured at peterloo
hundreds
why did peterloo help to create the metropolitan police force
it showed that the army could not handle crowd control - a seperate force was needed
when did the number of crimes in the bloody code begin to fall
1820s
when did the bloody code end
1841
how many crimes were punishable by death at the end of the bloody code
2
what were the crimes punishable by death at the end of the bloody code
treason and murder
give 4 reasons why the bloody code ended
robert peel
juries
public executions
education
how did robert peel help to end the bloody code
he fought in government to replace deterence punishments with reform punishments
what percent of people who were supposed to be sentenced to death were actually killed in the industrial period
just 10%
why did the government want to end public executions
they were rowdy and chaotic
what percentage of people could read in the industrial period
70%
why did increased education help to end the bloody code
people formed new attitudes and criticised traditional veiws of harsh punishments based on detterence
when did america become independant
1780s
when did people begin to be transported to australia
1788
when did transportation end
1857
list 5 reasions why transportation ended
it cost a lot
many thought it was not a punishment
crime was still rising
australians didn’t like it
how much did transportation cost per year in the industrial period
£500,000
what did the lord cheif justice describe transportation as in the industrial period
a summer excusion
what do we call the first prison system
the old system
what were prisons originally called
goals ‘jails’
how were inmates grouped in the old system
not at all - they were all in together
what was the worry about old system prisons?
that they would become schools of crime
how much were prison wardens paid in the old system
nothing
what was the result of not paying wardens anything during the old system
they were succeptable to bribery
give a good example of overcrowding in the old system
newgate had 275 prisoners in an area designed for 150
where prisons in the old sytem sanitary?
no - goal fever spread quickly
what do we call the second prison system
the reformed system
when was the reformed system
1820s
give some exmples of improvements in the reformed system
prisons were given good water and food
prisoners were seperated
prison wardens were paid
how did john howard help to create the reformed system
he wrote a report on the state of prisons
what was john howards report called
‘the state of prisons in england and waled’
when did john howards write his report
1777
how did elizebeth fry help to create the reform system
she helped women and children in newgate prison
how did robert peel help to create the reformed system
he passed the 1823 goals act that created the system
what do we call the third prison system
the seperate system
when was the seperate system created
1840s
when was the first model for the seprerate system created and what was is called
pentonville prison - 1942
what was the concept of the seperate system
that prisoners could spend their time alone to reflect and not be influenced by others
how were prisons meant to reform people in the seperate system
they were to spend their time contemplating alone
they would work to show them the value of hard labour
why was the seperate system created
because the bloody code ended in 1941 and prisons were chosen to replace it
what was the fourth prison system called
the silent system
when was the silent system created
1860s
what were prisoners expected to do inthe silent system
daily hard labour that was made deliberatly pointless
give an example of labour in the the silent system
the ‘crank handle’ - you had to turn it 10,000 times in one day. the handle did nothing
what were prisoners fed in the silent system
food that was barely enough to keep them alive
why was the the silent system called such?
prisoners were made to be silent at all times or they were beated
why was the silent system introduced?
transportation ended and prisons were chosen to replace it
fear of crime was on the rise
why was the fear of crime on the rise during the 1860s?
there was a garroting crisis
penny dreadfuls made people afraid of criminals
