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History > 🏛️🧑🏻‍⚖️Industrial Crime and Punishment🧑🏻‍⚖️🏛️ > Flashcards

🏛️🧑🏻‍⚖️Industrial Crime and Punishment🧑🏻‍⚖️🏛️ Flashcards

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1
Q

why did Heresy decrease in the Industrial Period

A

england was now a firmly protestant country

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2
Q

why did witchcraft stop being a crime in the Industrial Period

A

people were becoming more educated and didnt believe in witches

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3
Q

why did vagrancy decrease in the Industrial Period

A

the wealth of the people was generally rising

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4
Q

list the major crimes in the Industrial Period

A

highway robbery
poaching
smuggling
trade unions

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5
Q

what is highway robbery

A

holding someone at gunpoint on the road to steal their belongings

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6
Q

when did highway robbery begin

A

in the civil war

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7
Q

give a famous example of a highway robber

A

dick turpin

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8
Q

when was dick turpin executed

A

1739

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9
Q

why was it easy for highway robbers to commit crimes on roads in the Industrial Period

A

people were travelling on them more commonly but they were not buisy

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10
Q

why was gun crime easier for highway robbers in the Industrial Period

A

guns were becoming quicker to load and cheaper

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11
Q

why was it easy for a highway robber to rob somones money in the Industrial Period

A

because banks hadn’t been invented yet so people usually carried money with them

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12
Q

what is poaching

A

illegally hunting one someone elses land

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13
Q

when did poaching begin

A

meadival times

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14
Q

when was poaching made punishable by death

A

1723

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15
Q

what did the Waltham Black Act do

A

make poaching punishable by death

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16
Q

why did some people rely on poaching in the Industrial Period

A

some jobs like miners were paid very little

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17
Q

was poaching a social crime in the Industrial Period

A

yes

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18
Q

why was poaching a social crime in the Industrial Period

A

becuase people thought that the punishment was way too harsh

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19
Q

what is the waltham black act an example of

A

the bloody code

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20
Q

why was it easy to make a lot of money off of poaching in the Industrial Period

A

you could sell meat on the black market

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21
Q

how did the government get money in the industrial period

A

custom duties

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22
Q

what are custom duties

A

taxes on trade

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23
Q

when was the Industrial Period

A

1800s

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24
Q

how many smugglers were in england during the Industrial Period

A

20,000

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25
Q

what items were smuggled in the Industrial Period

A

tobaccos, tea and spirits.

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26
Q

what was smuggling punishable by in the Industrial Period

A

death

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27
Q

give 4 reasons why smuggling increased in the Industrial Period

A

it was a social crime
it was profitable
gang intimidation
lack of government funding

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28
Q

was smuggling a social crime in the Industrial Period

A

yes

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29
Q

why was smuggling a social crime in the Industrial Period

A

people liked that it made goods cheaper

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30
Q

how much could you earn helping a smuggler in the Industrial Period

A

twice the daily wage

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31
Q

how much could you earn being a smuggler in the Industrial Period

A

seven times the daily wage

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32
Q

give an example of a smugglers gang in the Industrial Period

A

Hawkhurst gang

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33
Q

what did smuggler gangs do to custom agents that got in the way during the Industrial Period

A

killed them

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34
Q

why wasn’t smuggling policed very well in the Industrial Period

A

people were scared of the gangs

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35
Q

why could the government not afford new customs agents to deal with smuggling in the Industrial Period

A

because the smugglers cut off their only source of income - custom duties!

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36
Q

what is a trade union

A

a group that fights for workers rights

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37
Q

when was the first trade union made

A

1833

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38
Q

where was the first trade union made

A

tolpuddle

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39
Q

who led the first trade union

A

george loveless

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40
Q

what did the first trade union do to protect themselves

A

swear a secret oath

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41
Q

how were the first trade union charged as criminals?

A

there was an old navy law against secret oaths

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42
Q

how were the first trade union punished?

A

they were transported to australia

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43
Q

why were the first trade union punished so harshly

A

the landowners and government were afraid of losing money

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44
Q

when was the metropolitan police force created?

A

1829

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45
Q

give 4 reasons why the metropolitan police force was created

A

the feilding brothers
sir robert peel
taxes
protest controll

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46
Q

where did the feilding brothers work

A

in court on bow street

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47
Q

why were the bow street runners set up

A

the feilding brothers wanted to do something about rising levels of crime

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48
Q

when were the bow street runners set up

A

1749

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49
Q

what did the bow street runners do

A

catch theives and investigate criminals

50
Q

when did the feilding brothers set up horse patrols

A

1754

51
Q

who set up the bow street runners

A

the feilding brothers

52
Q

what did the bow street runners set up in 1754

A

horse patrols

53
Q

when did the bow street runners set up foot patrols

A

1804

54
Q

what did the bow street runners set up in 1804

A

foot patrols

55
Q

how many men were in the bow street runners’ foot patrols

A

54

56
Q

what was the name of the newspaper run by the feilding brothers

A

the hue and cry

57
Q

what did the newspaper ‘hue and cry’ do

A

publish information about criminals to be used by magistrates

58
Q

who set up the ‘hue and cry’ newspaper

A

the feilding brothers

59
Q

why did the bow street runners help to form the metropolitan police force

A

they proved that a police force was not only necessary but effective as well

60
Q

when did robert peel become home secretary

A

1822

61
Q

what did robert peel want to do as home secretary

A

improve lives by reducing crime

62
Q

how did robert peel convince the government that a police force would help people

A

he used statics to show that crime was rising

63
Q

how did robert peel help to create the metropolitan police force

A

he help to create government support and funding needed for its’ creation

64
Q

how was the government affecting people in the industrial period

A

it was becoming more involved in their lives

65
Q

how did people veiw the government in the industrial period

A

they began to see it could have a positive impact

66
Q

how did taxes change in the industrial period

A

local areas were given the right to tax people

67
Q

how did new tax laws help to create the metropolitan police force

A

it created the funding that was needed

68
Q

when did peterloo happeb

A

1819

69
Q

what was peterloo

A

a peaceful protest turned violent massacre

70
Q

where was peterloo

A

outside of manchester

71
Q

what happened at peterloo

A

the army was sent in to deal with crowd controll, but instead they created a massacre

72
Q

how many people were killed at peterloo

A

15

73
Q

how many people were injured at peterloo

A

hundreds

74
Q

why did peterloo help to create the metropolitan police force

A

it showed that the army could not handle crowd control - a seperate force was needed

75
Q

when did the number of crimes in the bloody code begin to fall

A

1820s

76
Q

when did the bloody code end

A

1841

77
Q

how many crimes were punishable by death at the end of the bloody code

A

2

78
Q

what were the crimes punishable by death at the end of the bloody code

A

treason and murder

79
Q

give 4 reasons why the bloody code ended

A

robert peel
juries
public executions
education

80
Q

how did robert peel help to end the bloody code

A

he fought in government to replace deterence punishments with reform punishments

81
Q

what percent of people who were supposed to be sentenced to death were actually killed in the industrial period

A

just 10%

82
Q

why did the government want to end public executions

A

they were rowdy and chaotic

83
Q

what percentage of people could read in the industrial period

A

70%

84
Q

why did increased education help to end the bloody code

A

people formed new attitudes and criticised traditional veiws of harsh punishments based on detterence

85
Q

when did america become independant

A

1780s

86
Q

when did people begin to be transported to australia

A

1788

87
Q

when did transportation end

A

1857

88
Q

list 5 reasions why transportation ended

A

it cost a lot
many thought it was not a punishment
crime was still rising
australians didn’t like it

89
Q

how much did transportation cost per year in the industrial period

A

£500,000

90
Q

what did the lord cheif justice describe transportation as in the industrial period

A

a summer excusion

91
Q

what do we call the first prison system

A

the old system

92
Q

what were prisons originally called

A

goals ‘jails’

93
Q

how were inmates grouped in the old system

A

not at all - they were all in together

94
Q

what was the worry about old system prisons?

A

that they would become schools of crime

95
Q

how much were prison wardens paid in the old system

A

nothing

96
Q

what was the result of not paying wardens anything during the old system

A

they were succeptable to bribery

97
Q

give a good example of overcrowding in the old system

A

newgate had 275 prisoners in an area designed for 150

98
Q

where prisons in the old sytem sanitary?

A

no - goal fever spread quickly

99
Q

what do we call the second prison system

A

the reformed system

100
Q

when was the reformed system

A

1820s

101
Q

give some exmples of improvements in the reformed system

A

prisons were given good water and food
prisoners were seperated
prison wardens were paid

102
Q

how did john howard help to create the reformed system

A

he wrote a report on the state of prisons

103
Q

what was john howards report called

A

‘the state of prisons in england and waled’

104
Q

when did john howards write his report

A

1777

105
Q

how did elizebeth fry help to create the reform system

A

she helped women and children in newgate prison

106
Q

how did robert peel help to create the reformed system

A

he passed the 1823 goals act that created the system

107
Q

what do we call the third prison system

A

the seperate system

108
Q

when was the seperate system created

A

1840s

109
Q

when was the first model for the seprerate system created and what was is called

A

pentonville prison - 1942

110
Q

what was the concept of the seperate system

A

that prisoners could spend their time alone to reflect and not be influenced by others

111
Q

how were prisons meant to reform people in the seperate system

A

they were to spend their time contemplating alone
they would work to show them the value of hard labour

112
Q

why was the seperate system created

A

because the bloody code ended in 1941 and prisons were chosen to replace it

113
Q

what was the fourth prison system called

A

the silent system

114
Q

when was the silent system created

A

1860s

115
Q

what were prisoners expected to do inthe silent system

A

daily hard labour that was made deliberatly pointless

116
Q

give an example of labour in the the silent system

A

the ‘crank handle’ - you had to turn it 10,000 times in one day. the handle did nothing

117
Q

what were prisoners fed in the silent system

A

food that was barely enough to keep them alive

118
Q

why was the the silent system called such?

A

prisoners were made to be silent at all times or they were beated

119
Q

why was the silent system introduced?

A

transportation ended and prisons were chosen to replace it
fear of crime was on the rise

120
Q

why was the fear of crime on the rise during the 1860s?

A

there was a garroting crisis
penny dreadfuls made people afraid of criminals

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