White Collar Crimes Flashcards
What did Edward Sutherland say White Collar Crime is
“A crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the hours of his or her occupation”
-Edward Sutherland
What three significant things did Edward Sutherland do/belive
- Emphasized the role of class position in understanding White collar Crime
- believed that if acts are socially harming, they should be defined as crime regardless of position
- believed criminologists and the criminal justice system overemphasize street crimes
what are the two categories of White Collar Crime
Occupational Crime and Organizational Crime
What is Occupational Crime
White Collar crime committed by an individual or group exclusively for personal gain
What is organizational crime
Crimes committed with the support/encouragement of a formal organization to advance the goals of the organization
also called corporate crime
Can blue collar people commit crime? or just white
what is an example if so
Yes blue collar people can, a garage mechanic may defraud you by charging for work that hasn’t been done
What are crimes against the public
- Corporate and business crime
- crimes by individual and professional practitioners
what are crimes within organizations
- offences against the organization
- offences against the employees
What were Hyundai and Kai fined for and how much
They were fined 100 million for false advertising regarding fuel economy
What was HSBC in Belgium fined for
the were accused of fraud. money laundering, and criminal association
What was Pfizer fined for and how much
they were fined for illegally promoting their “extra” painkiller and other drugs
2.3 billion
How does white collar crime cause injuries/deaths
- an average of more than two deaths a day occur as a result of workplace injures
- manufacturing, construction, transportations and storage mining are responsible for 63percent fatalities
what five categories of violent crime did the 2014 study examine
Assault Homocide Criminal harassment Robbery Sexual assault
what 3 things did the 2014 study find?
- Sexual assault cost 4.8 billion
- 90% of victims were female
- Victims bore most of the costs for all types of crime 10.6billion
Overal, the five types of street crimes costs 12.7 billion
The 2009 bankruptcy of Canadas Nortel losses how much money? and what was it caused by
they lost 300 billion
it was caused by executive fraud and malpractice
how many Americans are victims of homicide every year?
How many die annual on the job?
what does it prove
16 thousand die from homicide and 56 thousand die on the job
this proves that corporate crime is worse than street crime
Shover and Hochstetler said that there were 3 components of middle/upper class lifestyles that contributed to criminal behaviour , what were they
- Competitive spirit (winning is the only thing
- Arrogance (rules don’t apply to them
- Sense of Entitlement (they deserve what they stole
Why are white collar crimes difficult to detect
because they are highly complex and secretive, they can’t be detected unless a insider provides information
Why don’t people focus on white collar crimes as much
because criminal law focuses only on street crimes, public and political leaders are preoccupied by violent crimes
What sociological factors enable white-collar crime
- conventional ‘elements of crime” are missing
- people se white collar offences as “moral failures” rather than actual crime
Some industries have a Criminogenic Market Structure. What does this mean?
this means that some industries put a lot of pressure on their employees to produce profit that can’t be achieved moraly and legally
what industries have a high rate of a Criminogenic Market Structure
Oil
Auto
and Pharmaceutical
