Chapter 1 Flashcards
what three processes does Criminology study?
the making of laws
the breaking of laws
and the reactions to the breaking of laws
what is White Collar crime
financially motivated, nonviolent crime committed by individuals, businesses, and government officials
what did Edward Sutherland Argue about white collar crime?
that focusing only on violations of criminal law presented a misleading figure in crime and that it only focuses on burglary, assault , and theft
Crime is only based in acts committed by the lower class and not the higher classes
what are the 6 major areas of criminology
Definition of crime and criminals Origins of the law social distribution of crime causation of crime patterns of criminal behaviour and social reactions of crime
who has exclusive jurisdiction (power to make legal decisions) over criminal law
the Federal government
who deals with less serious crimes and who deals with serious crimes
less serious = the provinces and territories are responsible for appointing judges and lower courts
more serious = the federal government are responsible and appoint higher courts (like the Supreme Court)
how Is responsibility for corrections (punishments) split
two years or less is provincially dealt with. if its over two years it is federally dealt with
what is the rule of media overage and what does it mean
“if it bleeds, it leads”
meaning the media feeds on serious crimes and goes for the more negative news since it tracks attention
they want panic
what is crime modelling
when media portrays crime in tv, movies, shows etc, that can possibly lead to real crime
ex.Money Heist
What is Harm Criminology
crimes that harm citizens but is still considered “non-criminalized” behaviour
ex.harmful chemicals being put in the food we eat, can cause cancer
what is Green criminology focused on
environmental and animal rights
what is speciesism
discrimination against non-human animals
explain the dog and bat Edmonton case
- two men tied a dog to a tree and beat it to death with a baseball bat
- they were not convicted of animal cruelty because evidence showed the the dog died after the first hit and technically didn’t “suffer” cruelty
why do some oppose better animal cruelty laws
because it could effect their lively hoof (fishers, farmers, doctors who test on animals)
which two bills competed in parliament (based on animal cruelty
S-203 = involved minimal changes to animal cruelty laws
C-229 = would have added significant protection for animals and would make it difficult to kill animals
who claimed that bill C-229 was jeopardizing and why
the Canadian Sport-fishing Industry Association and because they could loose 10 billion a year from a ban on fishing.
which three measures did the private members bill propose
- ban on importing shark fins
- ban on importing dog and cat fur
- more criminal code measures regarding animal abuse
why was the private members bill opposed
because legislation was concerned about moving animals out of the “property” section of the criminal code
describe the water pollution case in Ontario, walkerton
2000 people got seriously ill and 7 people died after operators failed to test toxicity in water
they falsified test results, and were successfully prosecuted
but polititians who were involved were not prosecuted
when did criminologists become more interested in terrorism
after the al-Qaeda attacked (9/11)
what is the definition of terrorism
the use of violence pr threat to use violence against civilians in order to attain political or religious goals
describe the Alexandre Bissonnette case
Alexander Bissonnette entered a Quebec City mosque with a rifle and murdered 6 people
he was gonna shoot up a shopping mall but decided to shoot up the mosque so that he could potentially save lives by killing potential “terrorrists”
he was charged for 6 accounts of first degree murder but not charged for terrorism since he wasn’t associated with a religious group
what did Dylan roof do
He entered a black church and killed nine members to start a “race war” but wasn’t changed with terrorism
how many terrorism incidents have happened in Canada between 1960-2992
more than 400
