Chapter 1

Question 1

what three processes does Criminology study?

Answer 1

the making of laws
the breaking of laws
and the reactions to the breaking of laws

Question 2

what is White Collar crime

Answer 2

financially motivated, nonviolent crime committed by individuals, businesses, and government officials

Question 3

what did Edward Sutherland Argue about white collar crime?

Answer 3

that focusing only on violations of criminal law presented a misleading figure in crime and that it only focuses on burglary, assault , and theft

Crime is only based in acts committed by the lower class and not the higher classes

Question 4

what are the 6 major areas of criminology

Answer 4

Definition of crime and criminals
Origins of the law 
social distribution of crime 
causation of crime 
patterns of criminal behaviour
and 
social reactions of crime

Question 5

who has exclusive jurisdiction (power to make legal decisions) over criminal law

Answer 5

the Federal government

Question 6

who deals with less serious crimes and who deals with serious crimes

Answer 6

less serious = the provinces and territories are responsible for appointing judges and lower courts

more serious = the federal government are responsible and appoint higher courts (like the Supreme Court)

Question 7

how Is responsibility for corrections (punishments) split

Answer 7

two years or less is provincially dealt with. if its over two years it is federally dealt with

Question 8

what is the rule of media overage and what does it mean

Answer 8

“if it bleeds, it leads”
meaning the media feeds on serious crimes and goes for the more negative news since it tracks attention
they want panic

Question 9

what is crime modelling

Answer 9

when media portrays crime in tv, movies, shows etc, that can possibly lead to real crime
ex.Money Heist

Question 10

What is Harm Criminology

Answer 10

crimes that harm citizens but is still considered “non-criminalized” behaviour
ex.harmful chemicals being put in the food we eat, can cause cancer

Question 11

what is Green criminology focused on

Answer 11

environmental and animal rights

Question 12

what is speciesism

Answer 12

discrimination against non-human animals

Question 13

explain the dog and bat Edmonton case

Answer 13

• two men tied a dog to a tree and beat it to death with a baseball bat
• they were not convicted of animal cruelty because evidence showed the the dog died after the first hit and technically didn’t “suffer” cruelty

Question 14

why do some oppose better animal cruelty laws

Answer 14

because it could effect their lively hoof (fishers, farmers, doctors who test on animals)

Question 15

which two bills competed in parliament (based on animal cruelty

Answer 15

S-203 = involved minimal changes to animal cruelty laws

C-229 = would have added significant protection for animals and would make it difficult to kill animals

Question 16

who claimed that bill C-229 was jeopardizing and why

Answer 16

the Canadian Sport-fishing Industry Association and because they could loose 10 billion a year from a ban on fishing.

Question 17

which three measures did the private members bill propose

Answer 17

1. ban on importing shark fins
2. ban on importing dog and cat fur
3. more criminal code measures regarding animal abuse

Question 18

why was the private members bill opposed

Answer 18

because legislation was concerned about moving animals out of the “property” section of the criminal code

Question 19

describe the water pollution case in Ontario, walkerton

Answer 19

2000 people got seriously ill and 7 people died after operators failed to test toxicity in water
they falsified test results, and were successfully prosecuted

but polititians who were involved were not prosecuted

Question 20

when did criminologists become more interested in terrorism

Answer 20

after the al-Qaeda attacked (9/11)

Question 21

what is the definition of terrorism

Answer 21

the use of violence pr threat to use violence against civilians in order to attain political or religious goals

Question 22

describe the Alexandre Bissonnette case

Answer 22

Alexander Bissonnette entered a Quebec City mosque with a rifle and murdered 6 people
he was gonna shoot up a shopping mall but decided to shoot up the mosque so that he could potentially save lives by killing potential “terrorrists”
he was charged for 6 accounts of first degree murder but not charged for terrorism since he wasn’t associated with a religious group

Question 23

what did Dylan roof do

Answer 23

He entered a black church and killed nine members to start a “race war” but wasn’t changed with terrorism

Question 24

how many terrorism incidents have happened in Canada between 1960-2992

Answer 24

more than 400

Question 25

why did the FLQ commit terrorist attacks (100 bombings)

Answer 25

because they wanted separation from Canada

Question 26

Who were the Sons of freedom Doukhobors

Answer 26

they were a pacifist religious group who rejected government involvement in their lives
they refused to pay taxes, send their children to school, and register births and deaths

Question 27

why did the sons of freedom doukhobors protest and how did it end

Answer 27

they protested because the government took many pot their children away and sent them to residential schools
it resulted in 100 bombings and arson attacks

Question 28

why are muslim prisoners being held in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba?

Answer 28

because it is US controlled territory and normal American process rights do not apply there

Question 29

describe the Maher Arar case

Answer 29

Arar was a Syrian born Canadian citizen who was returning from holidays when NY officials suspected him of having ties to al-Qaeda

he was sent to syria and was tortured for a year after the RCMP provided false information
the government apologized to him and gave him 10.5 million

Question 30

what are the three dimensions where seriousness of a crime can be assessed

Answer 30

1. degree of consensus that something is wrong
2. severity of societies response
3. degree of harm

Question 31

what is the difference between consensus theorists and class conflict theorists

Answer 31

consensus theorists believe that law represents the consensus of what everyone believes

conflict theorists believe that laws are passed by members of the ruling class to keep common ppl under control,

Question 32

what is the group conflict theory

Answer 32

it recognizes that all laws are the result of conflict and debate among various interest groups

Question 33

what are three factors on the cannibus act (2018)

Answer 33

have to be of legal age
can only buy dried cannibus off a licensed retailer
can personally grow up to 4 plants