Chapter 8 Flashcards
what is the theological school theory in crime
that evil spirits and supernatural forces were responsible for crime
crime=sin
in the thological school, how were people punished for crime
torture, exorcism, and burned (on stick)
woman were mostly accused especially independent woman (single), (which hunts)
what was rapid change on the 17th and 18th centuries due to
due to the intellectual revolution
what was the intellectual revolution
world view switched from authority/faith too experience, which lead a new approach to crime
what did the enlightenment promote
the idea of social contract between states and citizens
development of modern states and separation of religion from states.
who was Cesare Beccaria (classical theory)
a sociologist whom believed that crimes are not caused by supernatural forces but by natural forces and is irrational behaviour, free will
what did Cesare believe
that society needed a system of punishment that was sever enough
what dis classical theorists believe about crime punishments
that punishments should fit the crime and not the criminal, everyone should be equal before the law
there should be severity and celerity (not waisting time) of punishments
why is the classical theory important
because it led to major legal reforms, and remains at the heart of the legal system
how did classical theories impact law in France, US, and Canada
it inspired individual rights and freedoms
what is Deterrence Doctrine and why was it not as effective
Extremely punishing criminals so other people don’t do it, but people still committed crime
what did Gross Injustices ensure
that the same fine was levied ro rich and poor, and that judges had no discretion (can’t individualize sentences)
Who was the Positive school theory influenced by
Darwins theory of evolution, and research based in Italian prisons
what did Lombroso believe
that criminals were physically different than non-criminals and that criminals inherit traits from their ancestors
what is stigmata
large jaws, high check bones, roman nose, small eyes, etc.
related to being a criminal
