Social control theories Flashcards
what does the social control theory assume
That human beings are neither good or evil
People are born with the capacity to do wrong
No special motivation is needed to explain deviance
Conformity needs to be explained instead of deviance
According to social control theories, why do people refrain from deviance
because they don’t want to jeopardize their bonds to society
according to the social controls theories what is the basis for criminal behaviour
weak social control
what did Emile Durkiem point out
the importance of social bonds in understanding deviant behaviour
what did Emile Durkheim argue was a result of a lack of social bonds
that a lack of social bonds can be responsible for egoistic suicide (detachment from society) and anomic suicide (sudden changes)
why is there different levels of deviance
because every individual does not face the same level of pressure to deviate
there is more stress in strained societies which leads to more deviance
what is the Collective Efficacy Theory based on
the research done bu Sampson Et al
he focused on how the level of collective efficacy effects violence and crime in Chicago Neighbourhoods
What does the Collective Efficacy Theory focus on
informal social control
what is the definition of Collective Efficacy
its what residents are willing to do to improve their neighbourhoods
what are the three keys to collective efficacy
Social Cohesion. the strength of relationships, and sense of solidarity in a community
what are three things associated with an increase in levels of collective efficacy
high socio-economic status, homeownership, and age
what is NOT associated with collective efficacy
Gender, ethnicity, and number of years in a neighbourhood
what are three aspects of neighbourhood stratification (classification)
- concentrated disadvantage
- immigration concentration
- residential mobility
Who was “the social bond” coined by
Travis Hirschi
what did Travis Hirschi suggest
that individuals are more likely to turn to illegitimate means if their bonds to society are weak/broken
