White Blood Cells Abnormalities Flashcards
Causes or neutrophilia? 7
Infection tends to be bacterial Inflammation Infraction of any kind Myeloproliferative disorders such as CML Common feature in pregnancy Following exercise After administration of steroids
What can neutrophillia be present with also?
With toxic changes
And left shift so have the presence of early myeloid cells such as metamyelocytes
This means more non segmented neutrophils so band forms are present in the blood
What increases are there in CML?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
What is the common mutation in the CML?
Philadelphia chromosome - chimeric gene
9 22
BRC- ALB1 gene tighly regulated activity - which promotes proliferation
What is one common feature of CML?
Splenomegaly due to the neoplastic cells which cause infiltration of this area
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors which can lead to remission and cure the disease potentially
What can cause neutropenia?
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Autoimmune diseases
Severe bacterial infections
Certain viral infections
Some drugs such as - anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antimalarians
Some people have that already - such as African, Afro- Caribbean ancestry
Another abnormality in neutrophils?
Hypersegmentation
Also called right shift
Lack of B12 - for formation of thymidine
And lack of folic acid - can grow but not divide
Megaloblastic anaemia
Usually 3-5 lobes but in this case there are about 8-9 lobes
Why might there be eosinophilia?
Allergy
Parasitic infection
Can also occur in leukamia
Why might there be basophilia?
Due to leukamia
Causes of monocytosis?
Infection - particularly chronic bacterial infections
Chronic inflammation
Some types of leukamia
Causes of lymphocytosis?
Response to viral infection
Lymphoproliferative disorders - such as lymphomas or leukamias
What causes mononucleosis in lymphocytes?
Things like glandular fever or Epstein - Barr virus
Intense basophilic cytoplasm with lots of granules
Scalloped margins and hugging of red blood cells - charectaristic in finding infectious mononucleosis
Some haematological charectaristics of the lymphocytes?
Smear and smudge of lymphocytes
How can we tell the cause of lymphocytosis?
Cell surface markers expressed by lymphocytes
Cytometry can tell you the specific pattern
What can cause lymphopenia?
Decrease in number of circulating lymphocytes
Less than 1x10^9 per litre
HIV
chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Corticosteroids
