White Blood Cells Flashcards
What suffix would be put after “Neutro-,” “Eosino-,” and “Baso-“ to indicate an INCREASED number?
-philia
What suffix would be put after “Neutro-,” “Eosino-,” “Lympho-,” and “Leuko-“ to indicate an DECREASED number?
-penia
What suffix would be put after “Mono-,” “Lympho-,” and “Leuko-“ to indicate an INCREASED number?
-cytosis
What may cause a short-lived neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and possibly monocytosis in young animals?
Excitement, causing an epinephrine release
In addition to cortico-steroid release, what WBC changes are seen in times of stress?
Mild to moderate mature neutrophilia (2x normal range), lymphopenia, eosinopenia, and possibly monocytosis
Where do neutrophils in the circulating pool come from?
Storage in the bone marrow or the marginated pool (Waiting to enter tissues)
What are the characteristics of inflammatory leukogram?
Mild to marked neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and monocytosis, and left shift or toxic change
What is left shift?
When the demand for neutrophils is so high that immature forms are released from the bone marrow
What is seen with regenerative left shift?
Neutrophilia, mostly mature neutrophils with some immature neutrophils
What is seen with degenerative left shift?
Neutrophil count may be normal or abnormal, more immature neutrophils seen than mature neutrophils
What is characteristic of a leukemoid reaction?
Very high neutrophil count with left shift
What is toxic change?
Marked inflammation (Possible tissue necrosis), due to effects of progenitor neutrophils in the bone marrow and amount of immature neutrophils released into the blood
What characteristics can be seen with toxic change?
Dohle bodies, increased cytoplasmic basophilia, cytoplasmic vacuolation, toxic granulation, cell and nuclear swelling, giant neutrophils, and ring forms (Rare)
Which species can show neutropenia before neutrophilia in times of inflammation?
Horses and cattle
Under what conditions will dogs and cats show neutropenia?
Severe, peracute, and overwhelming inflammation
What conditions can lead to neutrophilia?
Excitement, stress (Corticosteroids), inflammation, sometimes granulocytic leukemia
What conditions can lead to neutropenia?
Inflammation in horses and cattle, severe inflammation in dogs and cats, toxic depression of bone marrow (Due to toxins, chemicals, infectious agents, disorders), or immune-mediated disorders
What conditions can lead to eosinophilia?
IL-5 release by T cells and histamine release by mast cells, parasitic infection, allergy/hypersensitivity, and paraneoplastic conditions (Neoplasms, mast cell tumors, etc.)
What conditions can lead to eosinopenia?
Endogenous or exogenous steroid which prevents mast cells from degranulating and neutralizing histamines
What conditions can lead to monocytosis?
Excitement/physiological exertion, stress/exogenous corticosteroids (Dogs), inflammation, monocytic leukemia
What conditions can lead to monocytopenia?
Monocytopenia is not recognized as reference ranges are close to zero, and in some cases circulating monocytes are not even observed
What conditions can lead to lymphocytosis?
Excitement, chronic disease, during infectious disease recovery, after vaccinations in young animals, or lymphoid neoplasia
What conditions can lead to lymphopenia?
Infections (Viral or septicemia) or stress (Endogenous or exogenous corticosteroids, different distribution of lymphocytes between blood and lymphoid tissue)
Where does leukemia primary originate?
Bone marrow, can then spread to other areas via the blood
