Energy Nutrition

Question 1

How many joules are in 1 calorie?

Answer 1

4.184 J

Question 2

Which VFA will be produced in higher quantities with low quality/high fiber diets?

Answer 2

Acetate

Question 3

Which VFA will be produced in higher quantities with high quality/high protein diets?

Answer 3

Proprionate

Question 4

How are VFAs used after they are absorbed into the system?

Answer 4

Acetate: Made into Acetyl CoA for TCA cycle
Proprionate: Made into glucose via gluconeogenesis
Butyrate: Made into beta-hydroxybutyrate which is utilized by skeletal and heart muscle

Question 5

Is more energy required for grazing or ruminating?

Answer 5

Grazing

Question 6

What is gross energy?

Answer 6

The amount of heat food gives off once metabolized, measure of potential energy/heat of combustion

Question 7

How are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins ordered in terms of their gross energy?

Answer 7

Fats > Proteins > Carbohydrates

Question 8

How can energy be lost?

Answer 8

Heat, urine, feces, gas

Question 9

How does gross energy get to net energy?

Answer 9

Gross energy, subtract energy from feces to get digestible energy, subtract energy from urine and methane to get maintenance energy, subtract energy from heat to get net energy

Question 10

What factors affect maintenance energy?

Answer 10

Nitrogen levels (Increased levels means increased excretion in urine and energy lost), fecal losses, nature of digestion

Question 11

What type of energy is used when calculating pig feeding systems?

Answer 11

Digestible energy, now more net energy-based

Question 12

What type of energy is used when calculating poultry feeding systems?

Answer 12

Maintenance energy

Question 13

What type of energy is used when calculating equine feeding systems?

Answer 13

UK/US: Digestible energy

France: Net energy