Blood Infection and Vectors Flashcards

1
Q

Are HIV, Hepatitis B/C, and Dengue viral or bacterial?

A

Viral

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2
Q

Are Anaplasma and Erlichia viral or bacterial?

A

Bacterial

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3
Q

Name some blood-borne infectious parasites.

A

Malaria, Babesia, Trypanosoma, Theileria, Leishmania, Dirofilaria

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4
Q

What is the main difference between protozoa and metazoa?

A

Protozoa: Single celled organisms such as malaria, Babesia

Metazoa: Multicellular organisms such as worms and ectoparasites

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of protozoans?

A

Unicellular, eukaryotic, multiply within host, short regeneration time (Days), usually acute infections but can be chronic

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6
Q

What are some characteristics of metazoans?

A

Multicellular, rarely multiply in the host, long generation time (Weeks to months), can develop immunity to metazoans but may take a very long time and metazoans are good at suppressing immune responses

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7
Q

What is needed for indirect transmission of an infectious agent?

A

A vector

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8
Q

What component of blood does Babesia utilize and what species are most susceptible?

A

Utilizes RBCs, common in cattle, dogs, humans

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9
Q

What component of blood does Leishmania utilize and what species are most susceptible?

A

Utilizes macrophages, common in dogs and humans

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10
Q

In which animals and locations can Babesia be found?

A

Dogs, cattle, humans, sheep, pigs, horses, found worldwide (Wherever ticks are)

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11
Q

Where in the host is Babesia effective and what clinical sign can it cause?

A

Within the RBCs, can cause hemolytic anemia

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12
Q

Does Babesia have a direct or indirect life-cycle?

A

Indirect, tick vector

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13
Q

What species of Babesiosis is found in the dog?

A

Babesia canis (UK) or Babesia gibsoni (US)

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14
Q

What species of Babesiosis is found in cattle?

A

Babesia divergens (In UK/Northern Europe) or Babesia bovis or bigemina (Tropics/Sub-tropics)

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15
Q

Where in the host is Leishmania effective and what clinical signs can it cause?

A

Macrophages, can cause skin ulcers, hair loss, eczema, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, death in severe cases

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16
Q

Does Leishmania have a direct or indirect life-cycle

A

Indirect, sandfly vector

17
Q

What species of Leishmania can be found in southern Europe, the Mediterranean, Africa and Asia?

A

Leishmania tropica

18
Q

What species of Leishmania can be found in the Mediterranean and South America?

A

Leishmania donovoni and infantum

19
Q

Where in the host is Dirofilaria effective and what clinical signs can it cause?

A

In the heart, causes heartworm, including: chronic cough, exercise intolerance, and cardiovascular dysfunction

20
Q

Does Dirofilaria have a direct or indirect life-cycle?

A

Indirect, mosquito vector

21
Q

Where is the species Dirofilaria immitus found?

A

United States, tropics, Southern Europe, wherever mosquitoes are found