Blood Infection and Vectors Flashcards
Are HIV, Hepatitis B/C, and Dengue viral or bacterial?
Viral
Are Anaplasma and Erlichia viral or bacterial?
Bacterial
Name some blood-borne infectious parasites.
Malaria, Babesia, Trypanosoma, Theileria, Leishmania, Dirofilaria
What is the main difference between protozoa and metazoa?
Protozoa: Single celled organisms such as malaria, Babesia
Metazoa: Multicellular organisms such as worms and ectoparasites
What are some characteristics of protozoans?
Unicellular, eukaryotic, multiply within host, short regeneration time (Days), usually acute infections but can be chronic
What are some characteristics of metazoans?
Multicellular, rarely multiply in the host, long generation time (Weeks to months), can develop immunity to metazoans but may take a very long time and metazoans are good at suppressing immune responses
What is needed for indirect transmission of an infectious agent?
A vector
What component of blood does Babesia utilize and what species are most susceptible?
Utilizes RBCs, common in cattle, dogs, humans
What component of blood does Leishmania utilize and what species are most susceptible?
Utilizes macrophages, common in dogs and humans
In which animals and locations can Babesia be found?
Dogs, cattle, humans, sheep, pigs, horses, found worldwide (Wherever ticks are)
Where in the host is Babesia effective and what clinical sign can it cause?
Within the RBCs, can cause hemolytic anemia
Does Babesia have a direct or indirect life-cycle?
Indirect, tick vector
What species of Babesiosis is found in the dog?
Babesia canis (UK) or Babesia gibsoni (US)
What species of Babesiosis is found in cattle?
Babesia divergens (In UK/Northern Europe) or Babesia bovis or bigemina (Tropics/Sub-tropics)
Where in the host is Leishmania effective and what clinical signs can it cause?
Macrophages, can cause skin ulcers, hair loss, eczema, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, death in severe cases
Does Leishmania have a direct or indirect life-cycle
Indirect, sandfly vector
What species of Leishmania can be found in southern Europe, the Mediterranean, Africa and Asia?
Leishmania tropica
What species of Leishmania can be found in the Mediterranean and South America?
Leishmania donovoni and infantum
Where in the host is Dirofilaria effective and what clinical signs can it cause?
In the heart, causes heartworm, including: chronic cough, exercise intolerance, and cardiovascular dysfunction
Does Dirofilaria have a direct or indirect life-cycle?
Indirect, mosquito vector
Where is the species Dirofilaria immitus found?
United States, tropics, Southern Europe, wherever mosquitoes are found
