Micronutrients and Macrominerals Flashcards
Why do we need trace elements?
As part of enzymes, have catalytic function
What are the three functions of macrominerals?
Structural, physiological, and regulatory
What four factors can affect the mineral concentration within plants?
Genus/species/variety, soil type, climate/season, stage of maturity
Which four minerals decrease in concentration as a plant ages?
Zn, Cu, Co, Mn
What is the ideal pH of soil for 100% concentration of Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Mo?
pH 6
How does lime affect soil?
Increases pH
How do sulfates affect soil?
Decrease pH
What three situations lead to depletion of a certain mineral?
Insufficient intake, reduced availability, increased requirements (Can be affected by individual, environment, and element)
What do glutathione peroxidases and deiodinases type I and II contain?
Selenium
What can vitamin E be replaced with as a lipid-soluble antioxidant in the cellular membrane?
Selenium, up to a point
When are selenium requirements increased?
Legume diet, high sulfur intake, diet heavy in metals, low vitamin E
What are the clinical syndromes of selenium deficiency?
Muscle degeneration, ill thrift, reproductive failure, mastitis, retained fetal membranes, possible postparturient hemoglobinuria
What are the signs of acute selenium toxicity?
Shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, prostration, diarrhea, death
What are the signs of chronic selenium toxicity?
Moist lesions of hooves, severe lameness, pain due to loss of horn in hoof
What condition was linked with Cu deficiency in 1937?
Swayback (Neurological, demyelination of spinal cord, ataxia)
What functions of the body is copper essential to?
Reproduction, erythropoiesis, bone development, growth, connective tissue development, skin pigmentation
What clinical signs signal Cu deficiency?
Depigmented coat, anemia, aortic rupture, reduced bone collagen strength, reduced mineralization of cartilage, spinal cord dysfunction, fetal death, diarrhea
Are Texels vulnerable to Cu toxicity or deficiency?
Toxicity
Are Black Faces vulnerable to Cu toxicity or deficiency?
Deficiency
Do molybdenum, iron, and sulfur inhibit or enhance Cu availability?
Inhibit
What is the presence of Pine indicative of and how is it caused?
Cobalt deficiency, wasting disease caused by lack of cobalt in diet
Which vitamin is deficient when cobalt is deficient, causing the inability to process protein?
Vitamin B12
What are the clinical signs of cobalt deficiency?
Loss of appetite, poor growth rate, weight loss, pale mucus membranes, affects most or all lambs in a flock
What is needed for deiodination of T4 to T3?
Selenium
