White Blood Cells Flashcards
another name for WBC
leukocytes
mature WBC are generally larger than what
mature RBC
two classifications of WBC
granulocytes
agranulocytes
how many types of WBC are normally present in the blood
5
when they are stained which classification contains prominent cytoplasmic granules
granulocytes
when they are stained which classification lacks obvious granules
agranulocytes
what three WBCs make up granulocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
what two WBCs make up agranulocytes
lymphocytes
monocytes
what is the function of WBC
to provide defense for the body against invaders
each type of WBC has its own what
unique role in defense
how do WBC travel from their site of production in the bone marrow
peripheral blood
two types of defense functions for WBC
phagocytosis (eat invaders)
immunity (respond to infection)
account for 40% to 75% of circulating leukocytes, most abundant WBC type in dog, cats and horses
neutrophils
mature neutrophils are also known as what
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
how many nuclear segments can a neutrophil have
2 to 5
how long will a neutrophil spend in circulation before it enters the tissue
10 hours
once a neutrophil enters tissue it does not return to where
the blood
how often do neutrophils need to be replaced
2.5 times per day
how are neutrophils replaced
from mature neutrophils held in reserve in the bone marrow
what is the function of neutrophils
involved in early stages of the inflammatory response
neutrophils leave the blood vessel by squeezing between the cells of the endothelium by a process called what
diapedesis
the process by which neutrophils and other cells are attached by inflammatory chemicals
chemotaxis
plasma protein coating on the encapsulated microorganism, usually a specific antibody
opsonin
what does opsonin allows the neutrophil to do
phagocytosis
what is the coating process called of microorganism
opsonization
what can neutrophils do to microorganisms
phagocytize or engulf
the pouch created when the cell membrane of the neutrophil encloses the bacteria
phagosome
cytoplasmic granules move closer to the edge of the phagosome and fuse with what
the membrane
the cytoplasmic granules released by the phagosome that kill the bacteria
lysosomal enzymes
named for red granules in the cytoplasm of mature cells
eosinophils
eosinophils have what kind of nucleus
bilobed or two lobed
eosinophils are slightly later than what
neutrophils
where are eosinophils produced
bone marrow
how long do eosinophils stay in circulation, before they migrate into tissues
3 to 8 hours
increased number of eosinophils in peripheral blood
eosinophilia
decreased number of eosinophils in peripheral blood
eosinopenia
three key functions associated with eosinophils
inflammatory response - allergic reactions
immunity - antigen/antibody complexes
phagocytosis - toxic to protozoa and some parasitic worms
least common leukocyte and constitute less that 1% of WBC
basophils
why is it hard to classify basophilia or basopenia for basophils
there are less than 1% circulating
which WBC share some characteristics with mast cells since they both contain immunoglobin E
basophils
the least phagocytic of the granulocytes
basophils
granulocyte that contains histamine and heparin
basophils
mature white blood cells that do not contain specific staining granules in their cytoplasm
agranulocytes
what are the two agranulocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
agranulocyte that live in lymphoid tissue and circulate between lymphoid tissue and blood
lymphocytes
refers to the increase and decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes
lymphocytosis and lymphocytopenia
four main types of lymphocytes
T cells
B cells
Plasma cell
Natural killer cells
which lymphocyte cell transforms into plasma cells
B cells
what do lymphocytes regulate
immune system
T cells are processed where, before going to the peripheral lymphoid system
thymus
T cells are responsible for what (no antibody production involved)
cell mediated immunity
which cells activate B cells
T cells
what are most lymphocytes in peripheral blood
T cells
where do inactive B cells travel through
lymph nodes, spleen and other lymphoid structures
B cells rarely circulate where
peripheral blood
what are B cells ultimately responsible for (antibody production is involved)
humoral immunity
each B cell is preprogrammed to produce only one specific _____ type against one specific _____
antibody
antigen
On the cell surface, the B cell has thousands of ______ shaped to fit only one antigen shape
receptors
When a B cell recognizes an antigen, they transform into what, that release antibodies
plasma cells
plasma cells are derived from what
B cells
plasma cells produce, store and release what, that are also known as immunoglobulins
antibodies
what kind of tissues are plasma cells most numerous in
tissues engaged in antibody formation (ex. lymph nodes, spleen)
which lymphocytes are rarely found in peripheral blood
plasma cells
lymphocytes that are able to identify and kill virus infected cells, stressed cells and tumor cells
natural killer cells
natural killer cells do not do what to target cells
ingest (no phagocytosis)
Lymphocyte that binds to cells and leads to cell death (lysis)
natural killer cells
programmed cell death
apoptosis
which lymphocytes can become memory cells (clones of original lymphocyte)
T and B cells
when T and B cells act as memory cells, they don’t participate in initial immune response to a specific antigen but wait for what - a quicker and great magnitude that initial immune response
a second exposure to the same antigen
largest (size) WBC in circulation
monocytes
monocytes contain what in varying sizes
vacuoles
refers to an increase and decrease in number of circulating monocytes
monocytosis
monocytopenia
agranulocytes that participate in inflammatory response
monocytes
how long can monocytes live
100 days
what do monocytes become when they enter tissues
macrophages
tissue macrophages and monocytes are known as what
mononuclear phagocyte system
monocytes clean up debris and remain after what
an infection/inflammation clears up
agranulocyte that processes and ingests antigens
monocytes
