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A&P 2 - Blood, Lymph and Lymph Nodes > White Blood Cells > Flashcards

White Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

another name for WBC

A

leukocytes

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2
Q

mature WBC are generally larger than what

A

mature RBC

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3
Q

two classifications of WBC

A

granulocytes
agranulocytes

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4
Q

how many types of WBC are normally present in the blood

A

5

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5
Q

when they are stained which classification contains prominent cytoplasmic granules

A

granulocytes

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6
Q

when they are stained which classification lacks obvious granules

A

agranulocytes

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7
Q

what three WBCs make up granulocytes

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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8
Q

what two WBCs make up agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes
monocytes

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9
Q

what is the function of WBC

A

to provide defense for the body against invaders

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10
Q

each type of WBC has its own what

A

unique role in defense

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11
Q

how do WBC travel from their site of production in the bone marrow

A

peripheral blood

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12
Q

two types of defense functions for WBC

A

phagocytosis (eat invaders)
immunity (respond to infection)

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13
Q

account for 40% to 75% of circulating leukocytes, most abundant WBC type in dog, cats and horses

A

neutrophils

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14
Q

mature neutrophils are also known as what

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

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15
Q

how many nuclear segments can a neutrophil have

A

2 to 5

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16
Q

how long will a neutrophil spend in circulation before it enters the tissue

A

10 hours

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17
Q

once a neutrophil enters tissue it does not return to where

A

the blood

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18
Q

how often do neutrophils need to be replaced

A

2.5 times per day

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19
Q

how are neutrophils replaced

A

from mature neutrophils held in reserve in the bone marrow

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20
Q

what is the function of neutrophils

A

involved in early stages of the inflammatory response

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21
Q

neutrophils leave the blood vessel by squeezing between the cells of the endothelium by a process called what

A

diapedesis

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22
Q

the process by which neutrophils and other cells are attached by inflammatory chemicals

A

chemotaxis

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23
Q

plasma protein coating on the encapsulated microorganism, usually a specific antibody

A

opsonin

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24
Q

what does opsonin allows the neutrophil to do

A

phagocytosis

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25
Q

what is the coating process called of microorganism

A

opsonization

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26
Q

what can neutrophils do to microorganisms

A

phagocytize or engulf

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27
Q

the pouch created when the cell membrane of the neutrophil encloses the bacteria

A

phagosome

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28
Q

cytoplasmic granules move closer to the edge of the phagosome and fuse with what

A

the membrane

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29
Q

the cytoplasmic granules released by the phagosome that kill the bacteria

A

lysosomal enzymes

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30
Q

named for red granules in the cytoplasm of mature cells

A

eosinophils

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31
Q

eosinophils have what kind of nucleus

A

bilobed or two lobed

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32
Q

eosinophils are slightly later than what

A

neutrophils

33
Q

where are eosinophils produced

A

bone marrow

34
Q

how long do eosinophils stay in circulation, before they migrate into tissues

A

3 to 8 hours

35
Q

increased number of eosinophils in peripheral blood

A

eosinophilia

36
Q

decreased number of eosinophils in peripheral blood

A

eosinopenia

37
Q

three key functions associated with eosinophils

A

inflammatory response - allergic reactions
immunity - antigen/antibody complexes
phagocytosis - toxic to protozoa and some parasitic worms

38
Q

least common leukocyte and constitute less that 1% of WBC

A

basophils

39
Q

why is it hard to classify basophilia or basopenia for basophils

A

there are less than 1% circulating

40
Q

which WBC share some characteristics with mast cells since they both contain immunoglobin E

A

basophils

41
Q

the least phagocytic of the granulocytes

A

basophils

42
Q

granulocyte that contains histamine and heparin

A

basophils

43
Q

mature white blood cells that do not contain specific staining granules in their cytoplasm

A

agranulocytes

44
Q

what are the two agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

45
Q

agranulocyte that live in lymphoid tissue and circulate between lymphoid tissue and blood

A

lymphocytes

46
Q

refers to the increase and decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes

A

lymphocytosis and lymphocytopenia

47
Q

four main types of lymphocytes

A

T cells
B cells
Plasma cell
Natural killer cells

48
Q

which lymphocyte cell transforms into plasma cells

A

B cells

49
Q

what do lymphocytes regulate

A

immune system

50
Q

T cells are processed where, before going to the peripheral lymphoid system

A

thymus

51
Q

T cells are responsible for what (no antibody production involved)

A

cell mediated immunity

52
Q

which cells activate B cells

A

T cells

53
Q

what are most lymphocytes in peripheral blood

A

T cells

54
Q

where do inactive B cells travel through

A

lymph nodes, spleen and other lymphoid structures

55
Q

B cells rarely circulate where

A

peripheral blood

56
Q

what are B cells ultimately responsible for (antibody production is involved)

A

humoral immunity

57
Q

each B cell is preprogrammed to produce only one specific _____ type against one specific _____

A

antibody
antigen

58
Q

On the cell surface, the B cell has thousands of ______ shaped to fit only one antigen shape

A

receptors

59
Q

When a B cell recognizes an antigen, they transform into what, that release antibodies

A

plasma cells

60
Q

plasma cells are derived from what

A

B cells

61
Q

plasma cells produce, store and release what, that are also known as immunoglobulins

A

antibodies

62
Q

what kind of tissues are plasma cells most numerous in

A

tissues engaged in antibody formation (ex. lymph nodes, spleen)

63
Q

which lymphocytes are rarely found in peripheral blood

A

plasma cells

64
Q

lymphocytes that are able to identify and kill virus infected cells, stressed cells and tumor cells

A

natural killer cells

65
Q

natural killer cells do not do what to target cells

A

ingest (no phagocytosis)

66
Q

Lymphocyte that binds to cells and leads to cell death (lysis)

A

natural killer cells

67
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

68
Q

which lymphocytes can become memory cells (clones of original lymphocyte)

A

T and B cells

69
Q

when T and B cells act as memory cells, they don’t participate in initial immune response to a specific antigen but wait for what - a quicker and great magnitude that initial immune response

A

a second exposure to the same antigen

70
Q

largest (size) WBC in circulation

A

monocytes

71
Q

monocytes contain what in varying sizes

A

vacuoles

72
Q

refers to an increase and decrease in number of circulating monocytes

A

monocytosis
monocytopenia

73
Q

agranulocytes that participate in inflammatory response

A

monocytes

74
Q

how long can monocytes live

A

100 days

75
Q

what do monocytes become when they enter tissues

A

macrophages

76
Q

tissue macrophages and monocytes are known as what

A

mononuclear phagocyte system

77
Q

monocytes clean up debris and remain after what

A

an infection/inflammation clears up

78
Q

agranulocyte that processes and ingests antigens

A

monocytes

A&P 2 - Blood, Lymph and Lymph Nodes (9 decks)

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