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PLE Pathology > White Blood Cell Disorders > Flashcards

White Blood Cell Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

CD 34 cell function

A

Hematopoietic Stem Cell

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2
Q

Myeloid vs Lymphoid Stem Cell

A

Myeloid - RBC, Neutrophil Basophil, Eosiniphils, Monocyte, Megakaryocytes

Lymphoid - B and T cells

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3
Q

Causes of neutropenia

A

Drug toxicity

Severe infection

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4
Q

Causes of lymphopenia

A

Immunodeficiency
High cortisol
Autoimmune Destruction
Whole body radiation

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5
Q

Most sensitive cell to radiation

A

Lymphocytes

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6
Q

Causes of neutrophilic leukocytosis

A 
Bacterial infection (acute inflammation)
Tissue necrosis (acute inflammation)
High cortisol state (increase release)
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7
Q

Precursor neutrophils are characterized by decrease in what receptor

A

Fc receptor

CD 16

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8
Q

Causes of Monocytosis

A

Chronic inflammatory state

Malignancy

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9
Q

Causes of eosinophilia

A

Allergic Reaction
Parasitic infection
Hodgkin Lymphoma (by IL-5)

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10
Q

Causes of basophilia

A

CML

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11
Q

Causes of lymphocytic leukocytosis

A 
Viral infections (increase CD8)
Bordetella pertussis
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12
Q

Bacteria usually causes neutrophilia except?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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13
Q

EBV infection which results in lymphocytic leukocytosis of CD8+

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

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14
Q

EBV affects what tissues

A

Oropharynx - sore throat
Liver - hepatitis
B cells -

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15
Q

T cell response in Infectious Mononucleosis leads to what manifestations

A

Generalized Lymphadenopathy (Cortex)
Splenomegaly
High white count with atypical lymphocytes

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16
Q

Test used for screening Infectious Mononucleosis

A

Monospot test - detects IgM heterophile antibodies

Positive - EBV - confirm with EBV capsid antigen
Negative - likely CMV

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17
Q

Complications of infectious mononucleosis

A

Increase risk of splenic rupture (avoid contact sports)
Rash
Dormancy of virus in B cells - increase risk of lymphoma

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18
Q

Hallmark of acute leukemia

A

Neoplastic proliferation of blast cells (>20%)

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19
Q

Morphology of blast cell

A

Large immature cell with no cytoplasm, punched out nucleus

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20
Q

Differentiating lymphoblast and myeloblast on smear

A

tDt

Dna polymerase present in Lymphoblast only

Myeloperoxidase (present in myeloblast)

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21
Q

Auer rods are characteristic of

A

AML

Crystal aggregates from myeloperoxidase

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22
Q

Leukemia associated with down syndrome

A

ALL

After age of 5

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23
Q

Differentiating B-cell ALL and T cell ALL

A

B cell - CD 10, CD 19, CD 20

T cell - CD 2 to 8

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24
Q

B cell ALL requires prophylactic chemo to what organs

A

CSF and Testis

Logic: BBB and Blood testis barrier

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25
Q

ALL Translocation between 12:21 is?

A

Good prognosis - kids

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26
Q

Ph+ ALL involves translocation on

A

9:22 (poor prog

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27
Q

Presentation of T cell ALL

A

Thymic Mass in Teenagers

sometimes called Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

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28
Q

AML average age

A

50-60

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29
Q

Translocation of 15:17 leads to

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

RAR receptor disrupted

30
Q

Leukemia which characterized by infiltration and swelling of gums

A

Acute monocytic leukemia

31
Q

Leukemia associated with down syndrome

A

Before 5 - Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia

After 5 - ALL

32
Q

Abnormal maturation of blasts but less than 20% leading to hypercellular marrow

A

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

33
Q

Chronic leukemia is characterizsed by proliferation of what

A

Mature lymphocytes

34
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of naive B cells

35
Q

Cells coexpressed in CLL

A

CD5 and CD20

36
Q

Smudge cells is associated with?

37
Q

Complications of CLL

A

Hypogammaglobulinemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
B cell lymphoma

38
Q

Neoplasmic proliferation of mature B cells

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

39
Q

Enzyme positive in Hairy Cell Leukemia

A

TRAP

Venusflytrap with hair

40
Q

Clinical features of Hairy Cell Leukemia

A

Splenomegaly of red pulp
Dry tap of marrow
No lymphadenopathy

41
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature CD4 cells presenting with lytic bone lesions

A

Adult T cell Leukemia

42
Q

Pautrier microabscess is associated with

A

T cell accumulation in epidermis in Mycosis fungoides

43
Q

Sezary syndrome is?

A

T cell spread in Mycosis fungoides (cerebreform nuclei)

44
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature cells of myeloid lineage

A

Myeloproliferative Disorders

45
Q

Complications of myelodysplastic syndrome

A

Hyperuricemia
Marrow fibrosis
Acute Leukemia

46
Q

Myelodysplastic disorder predominated by granulocytes, basophiles

47
Q

Translocation of 9:22 (Philadelphia cromosome) is associated with?

48
Q

Treatment for CML

A

Imatinib - tyrosine kinase inhibitor

49
Q

CML transformation to acute leukemia becomes

A

AML (2/3)

ALL (1/3)

50
Q

Differentiating CML from a leukemoid reaction (from infection)

A

CML is LAP negative (leukocyte alanine phosphatase)
CML is high basophil, Leukemoid is high neutrophil
CML has t 9:22

51
Q

Myelodysplastic disease driven by JAK2 kinase mutation, predominated by RBC

A

Polycythemia vera

52
Q

Symptoms of PV

A

Blurry vision, headache
Venous thrombosis
Flushed face
Itching after bathing

53
Q

Treatment of PV

A

Phlebotomy

Hydroxyurea

54
Q

Essential thrombocythemia is associated with what mutation

A

JAK 2 Kinase

55
Q

Tear drop cells is increased in

A

Myelofibrosis

56
Q

Painful vs painless lymphadenopathy

A

Painful - acute infection

Painless - cancer, chronic inflammation

57
Q

Sinus histiocytes in lymph nodes is associated with

A

Malignancy

58
Q

Regions of lymph node

A

Cortex - B cell
Paracortex - T cell
Medulla

59
Q

What is more common? Hogkin or non hogkin

A

Non Hogkin

60
Q

Most Non Hodgkin Lymphoma is proliferation of?

61
Q

Follicular lymphoma is associated with what translocation

A

14:18

Bcl2 translocation

62
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma is associated with what translocation

A

11:14

Cyclin D1

63
Q

Lymphoma associated with chronic inflammatory states

A

Marginal zone lymphoma

Associated: Hashimotos, Sjogren Syndrome, H pylori

64
Q

Lymphoma associated with EBV

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

65
Q

Presents with extranodal mass in jaw (africans) or abdomen (sporadic form)

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

66
Q

Translocation in Burkitt Lymphoma

A

8:14

c-myc

67
Q

Starry sky appearance is associated with

A

Burkitt lymphoma

68
Q

Most common form of non hodgkin lymphoma

A

Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma

69
Q

Reed-Sternberg Cell is associated with

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Secrete cytokines causing B cell symptoms

70
Q

Reed Sternberg Cell Express

A

CD 15 and CD 30

71
Q

Owl-eyed nucleus is associated with

A

Hodgkin lymphoma - these are reed sternbeg cells

72
Q

Lacunar cells are associated with

A

Nodular type Hodgkin Lymphoma

PLE Pathology (10 decks)

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