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White Blood Cell Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

CD 34 cell function

A

Hematopoietic Stem Cell

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2
Q

Myeloid vs Lymphoid Stem Cell

A

Myeloid - RBC, Neutrophil Basophil, Eosiniphils, Monocyte, Megakaryocytes

Lymphoid - B and T cells

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3
Q

Causes of neutropenia

A

Drug toxicity

Severe infection

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4
Q

Causes of lymphopenia

A

Immunodeficiency
High cortisol
Autoimmune Destruction
Whole body radiation

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5
Q

Most sensitive cell to radiation

A

Lymphocytes

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6
Q

Causes of neutrophilic leukocytosis

A 
Bacterial infection (acute inflammation)
Tissue necrosis (acute inflammation)
High cortisol state (increase release)
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7
Q

Precursor neutrophils are characterized by decrease in what receptor

A

Fc receptor

CD 16

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8
Q

Causes of Monocytosis

A

Chronic inflammatory state

Malignancy

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9
Q

Causes of eosinophilia

A

Allergic Reaction
Parasitic infection
Hodgkin Lymphoma (by IL-5)

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10
Q

Causes of basophilia

A

CML

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11
Q

Causes of lymphocytic leukocytosis

A 
Viral infections (increase CD8)
Bordetella pertussis
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12
Q

Bacteria usually causes neutrophilia except?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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13
Q

EBV infection which results in lymphocytic leukocytosis of CD8+

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

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14
Q

EBV affects what tissues

A

Oropharynx - sore throat
Liver - hepatitis
B cells -

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15
Q

T cell response in Infectious Mononucleosis leads to what manifestations

A

Generalized Lymphadenopathy (Cortex)
Splenomegaly
High white count with atypical lymphocytes

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16
Q

Test used for screening Infectious Mononucleosis

A

Monospot test - detects IgM heterophile antibodies

Positive - EBV - confirm with EBV capsid antigen
Negative - likely CMV

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17
Q

Complications of infectious mononucleosis

A

Increase risk of splenic rupture (avoid contact sports)
Rash
Dormancy of virus in B cells - increase risk of lymphoma

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18
Q

Hallmark of acute leukemia

A

Neoplastic proliferation of blast cells (>20%)

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19
Q

Morphology of blast cell

A

Large immature cell with no cytoplasm, punched out nucleus

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20
Q

Differentiating lymphoblast and myeloblast on smear

A

tDt

Dna polymerase present in Lymphoblast only

Myeloperoxidase (present in myeloblast)

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21
Q

Auer rods are characteristic of

A

AML

Crystal aggregates from myeloperoxidase

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22
Q

Leukemia associated with down syndrome

A

ALL

After age of 5

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23
Q

Differentiating B-cell ALL and T cell ALL

A

B cell - CD 10, CD 19, CD 20

T cell - CD 2 to 8

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24
Q

B cell ALL requires prophylactic chemo to what organs

A

CSF and Testis

Logic: BBB and Blood testis barrier

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25
ALL Translocation between 12:21 is?
Good prognosis - kids
26
Ph+ ALL involves translocation on
9:22 (poor prog
27
Presentation of T cell ALL
Thymic Mass in Teenagers | sometimes called Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
28
AML average age
50-60
29
Translocation of 15:17 leads to
Acute promyelocytic leukemia RAR receptor disrupted
30
Leukemia which characterized by infiltration and swelling of gums
Acute monocytic leukemia
31
Leukemia associated with down syndrome
Before 5 - Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia | After 5 - ALL
32
Abnormal maturation of blasts but less than 20% leading to hypercellular marrow
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
33
Chronic leukemia is characterizsed by proliferation of what
Mature lymphocytes
34
Neoplastic proliferation of naive B cells
CLL
35
Cells coexpressed in CLL
CD5 and CD20
36
Smudge cells is associated with?
CLL
37
Complications of CLL
Hypogammaglobulinemia Autoimmune hemolytic anemia B cell lymphoma
38
Neoplasmic proliferation of mature B cells
Hairy Cell Leukemia
39
Enzyme positive in Hairy Cell Leukemia
TRAP | Venusflytrap with hair
40
Clinical features of Hairy Cell Leukemia
Splenomegaly of red pulp Dry tap of marrow No lymphadenopathy
41
Neoplastic proliferation of mature CD4 cells presenting with lytic bone lesions
Adult T cell Leukemia
42
Pautrier microabscess is associated with
T cell accumulation in epidermis in Mycosis fungoides
43
Sezary syndrome is?
T cell spread in Mycosis fungoides (cerebreform nuclei)
44
Neoplastic proliferation of mature cells of myeloid lineage
Myeloproliferative Disorders
45
Complications of myelodysplastic syndrome
Hyperuricemia Marrow fibrosis Acute Leukemia
46
Myelodysplastic disorder predominated by granulocytes, basophiles
CML
47
Translocation of 9:22 (Philadelphia cromosome) is associated with?
CML
48
Treatment for CML
Imatinib - tyrosine kinase inhibitor
49
CML transformation to acute leukemia becomes
AML (2/3) | ALL (1/3)
50
Differentiating CML from a leukemoid reaction (from infection)
CML is LAP negative (leukocyte alanine phosphatase) CML is high basophil, Leukemoid is high neutrophil CML has t 9:22
51
Myelodysplastic disease driven by JAK2 kinase mutation, predominated by RBC
Polycythemia vera
52
Symptoms of PV
Blurry vision, headache Venous thrombosis Flushed face Itching after bathing
53
Treatment of PV
Phlebotomy | Hydroxyurea
54
Essential thrombocythemia is associated with what mutation
JAK 2 Kinase
55
Tear drop cells is increased in
Myelofibrosis
56
Painful vs painless lymphadenopathy
Painful - acute infection | Painless - cancer, chronic inflammation
57
Sinus histiocytes in lymph nodes is associated with
Malignancy
58
Regions of lymph node
Cortex - B cell Paracortex - T cell Medulla
59
What is more common? Hogkin or non hogkin
Non Hogkin
60
Most Non Hodgkin Lymphoma is proliferation of?
B cells
61
Follicular lymphoma is associated with what translocation
14:18 Bcl2 translocation
62
Mantle cell lymphoma is associated with what translocation
11:14 Cyclin D1
63
Lymphoma associated with chronic inflammatory states
Marginal zone lymphoma Associated: Hashimotos, Sjogren Syndrome, H pylori
64
Lymphoma associated with EBV
Burkitt Lymphoma
65
Presents with extranodal mass in jaw (africans) or abdomen (sporadic form)
Burkitt Lymphoma
66
Translocation in Burkitt Lymphoma
8:14 c-myc
67
Starry sky appearance is associated with
Burkitt lymphoma
68
Most common form of non hodgkin lymphoma
Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma
69
Reed-Sternberg Cell is associated with
Hodgkin Lymphoma Secrete cytokines causing B cell symptoms
70
Reed Sternberg Cell Express
CD 15 and CD 30
71
Owl-eyed nucleus is associated with
Hodgkin lymphoma - these are reed sternbeg cells
72
Lacunar cells are associated with
Nodular type Hodgkin Lymphoma

PLE Pathology (10 decks)

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