Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PLE Pathology > Cardiac Disorders > Flashcards

Cardiac Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Heart layer most susceptible to damage on stable angina

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Subendocardial ischemia ECG change

A

ST depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unstable angina cell injury is reversible. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vasospasm of the coronary artery unrelated to exertion, leading to chest pain

A

Prinzmetal Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ECG manifestation of prinzmetal angina

A

ST elevation (transmural damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Myocardial infarction requires complete occlusion of coronary artery

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most sensitive and specific marker of MI

A

Troponin I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cardiac marker rises 4-6 hours, and returns to normal after 72 hrs, useful for detecting reinfarction

A

CK-MB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Calcium reentry in necrotic cell leads to what finding in MI

A

Contraction band necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Return of oxygen, generating free radicals which further injure dead myocardium

A

Reperfusion injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coagulative necrosis begins after how many hours of MI

A

4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sequence of events in MI

A

4 hrs Coagulative necrosis –
1 day - inflammation neutrophil macrophage (yellow pallor) –
1 week granulation –
1 month - fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathogenesis of myocardial wall rupture post MI

A

Macrophage eating infarcted debris, leading to weak wall

Fibrous scar is weaker than myocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Papillary muscle rupture is associated with occlusion of what vessel

A

Right coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transmural infarction which leads to autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 weeks post infarction

A

Dressler syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sudden cardiac death is usually caused by

A

Fatal ventricular arrythmia
mitral valve prolapse
cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hemosiderin laden macrophages in the alveolar air sac is associated with

A

Congestive Heart Failure (pulmonary edema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common cause of right sided heart failure

A

Left sided heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most common congenital heart defect

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Congenital heart disease associated with fetal alcohol syndrome

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common type of ASD

A

Ostium secundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CHD associated with Down Syndrome?

A

Ostium primum ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Split of the S2 is associated with

A

Atrial Septal Defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CHD associated with congenital rubella

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cyanosis of the lower extremities is associated with
Eisenmegerization of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus
26
Prostaglandin which keeps PDA open
PGE
27
Treatment which closes PDA
Indomethacin - PGE is reduced
28
TET spell logic
Squatting increases iarterial vascular resistance, so more blood is shunted to the lungs
29
TGA is associated with what maternal condition
Diabetes
30
Treatment for TGAwhile waiting for surgical repair
PGE2
31
Coarctation of the aorta infantile type is associated with?
PDA - distal to coarctation (cyanotic in) Turner Syndrome
32
Adult form Coarctation is associated with
Bicuspid aortic valve
33
Manifestations of CoArc
Engorged intercostal collateral | Upper extremity HTN, and Lower extremity weak pulse
34
Rib notching is associated with
Coarctation of aorta - engorged intercostal collaterals cover the ribs, making it look like it is notched
35
Aschoff bodies are associated with?
Rheumatic heart disease myocarditis - fibrinoid material with histiocytes
36
Anitschkow cells or caterpillar cells are associated with
Rheumatic heaart disease - dfound in the aschoff bodies
37
Systolic ejection click with crescendo-decrescendo murmur is associated with what valvular disease
Aortic stenosis
38
Most common cause of aortic regurgitation
Isolated aortic root dilatation (ex: syphislis)
39
Early, blowing diastolic murmur with hyperdynamic circulation is associated with
Aortic regurgitation
40
Bounding pulses, pulsaing nail bed, wide pulse pressure is associated witgh what valvular disease
Aortic regurgitation
41
Concentric vs eccentric hypertrophy
Concentric - AS - pressure Eccentric - AR - volume
42
Myxoid degeneration of mitral valve leads to
Mitral valve prolapse (MR)
43
Mid systolic click with systolic murmur is caused by
Mitral Valve prolapse
44
Papillary muscle rupture leads to what valvular problem
MR
45
Holosystolic blowing murmur louder in squatting or expiration is heard in what disease
Mitral Regurgitation
46
Opening snap followed by a diastolic rumble is associated by
Mitral Stenosis
47
Acute vs Chronic Rheumatic heart disease lesion
Acute - MR Chronic - MS
48
Arrythmia associated with Mitral Stenosis
Atrial fibrillation
49
Most common cause of endocarditis (organism)
Streptococcus viridans (low virulence, subacute)
50
Pathogenesis of IE
Endocardial surface damage, develops thrombotic vegetations, then transient bacteria traps bacteria
51
Acute endocarditis caused by IV drug users caused by what organism
Staph aureus
52
Caused endocarditis in prosthetic heart valves
Staph epidermis
53
Causes endocarditis in patients with colorectal carcinoma
S. bovis
54
Endocarditis with negative blood cultures
HACEK Hemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella
55
Janeway lesions and Osler nodes are associated with
Infective endocarditis
56
Causes of nonbacterial endocarditis
Hypercoagulable state | Adenocarcinoma
57
Libman sacks endocarditis morphology
Vegetations on both sides of valve
58
Most common cardiomyopathy
Dilated
59
Cardiac cycle affected by dilated cardiomyopathy
Dilated
60
Most common genetic mutation inheritance in dilated cardiomyopathy
Autosomal dominant
61
Pregnancy cardiomyopathy
Dilated
62
Infectgion common in dilated cardiomyopathy
coxsackie virus
63
Genetic mutation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
sarcomere protein
64
Sudden death in athletes is associated with
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
65
Loeffler syndrome is
Eosinophilic infiltration of heart --> restrictive cardiomyopathy
66
Low voltage ecg with decreased QRS complex is found in what cardiomyopathy
Restrictive
67
Benign mesenchymal proliferation with gelatinous appearance
Myxoma
68
Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
Myxoma
69
Location of myxoma
Left atrium -
70
Benign hamartoma of cardiac muscle
Rhabdomyoma
71
Most common primary cardiac tumor in children
Rhabdomyoma
72
Location of rhabdomyoma
Ventricle
73
Rhabdomyoma is associated with
Tuberous sclerosis
74
Metastasis to heart usually are in
Pericardium
75
Common tumors metastasizing to heart
Melanoma, breast, lymphoma

PLE Pathology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions