Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PLE Pathology > Cardiac Disorders > Flashcards

Cardiac Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Heart layer most susceptible to damage on stable angina

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Subendocardial ischemia ECG change

A

ST depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unstable angina cell injury is reversible. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vasospasm of the coronary artery unrelated to exertion, leading to chest pain

A

Prinzmetal Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ECG manifestation of prinzmetal angina

A

ST elevation (transmural damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Myocardial infarction requires complete occlusion of coronary artery

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most sensitive and specific marker of MI

A

Troponin I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cardiac marker rises 4-6 hours, and returns to normal after 72 hrs, useful for detecting reinfarction

A

CK-MB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Calcium reentry in necrotic cell leads to what finding in MI

A

Contraction band necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Return of oxygen, generating free radicals which further injure dead myocardium

A

Reperfusion injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coagulative necrosis begins after how many hours of MI

A

4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sequence of events in MI

A

4 hrs Coagulative necrosis –
1 day - inflammation neutrophil macrophage (yellow pallor) –
1 week granulation –
1 month - fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathogenesis of myocardial wall rupture post MI

A

Macrophage eating infarcted debris, leading to weak wall

Fibrous scar is weaker than myocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Papillary muscle rupture is associated with occlusion of what vessel

A

Right coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transmural infarction which leads to autoimmune pericarditis 6-8 weeks post infarction

A

Dressler syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sudden cardiac death is usually caused by

A

Fatal ventricular arrythmia
mitral valve prolapse
cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hemosiderin laden macrophages in the alveolar air sac is associated with

A

Congestive Heart Failure (pulmonary edema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common cause of right sided heart failure

A

Left sided heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most common congenital heart defect

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Congenital heart disease associated with fetal alcohol syndrome

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common type of ASD

A

Ostium secundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CHD associated with Down Syndrome?

A

Ostium primum ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Split of the S2 is associated with

A

Atrial Septal Defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CHD associated with congenital rubella

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cyanosis of the lower extremities is associated with

A

Eisenmegerization of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Prostaglandin which keeps PDA open

A

PGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Treatment which closes PDA

A

Indomethacin - PGE is reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

TET spell logic

A

Squatting increases iarterial vascular resistance, so more blood is shunted to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

TGA is associated with what maternal condition

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Treatment for TGAwhile waiting for surgical repair

A

PGE2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Coarctation of the aorta infantile type is associated with?

A

PDA - distal to coarctation (cyanotic in)

Turner Syndrome

32
Q

Adult form Coarctation is associated with

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

33
Q

Manifestations of CoArc

A

Engorged intercostal collateral

Upper extremity HTN, and Lower extremity weak pulse

34
Q

Rib notching is associated with

A

Coarctation of aorta - engorged intercostal collaterals cover the ribs, making it look like it is notched

35
Q

Aschoff bodies are associated with?

A

Rheumatic heart disease myocarditis - fibrinoid material with histiocytes

36
Q

Anitschkow cells or caterpillar cells are associated with

A

Rheumatic heaart disease - dfound in the aschoff bodies

37
Q

Systolic ejection click with crescendo-decrescendo murmur is associated with what valvular disease

A

Aortic stenosis

38
Q

Most common cause of aortic regurgitation

A

Isolated aortic root dilatation (ex: syphislis)

39
Q

Early, blowing diastolic murmur with hyperdynamic circulation is associated with

A

Aortic regurgitation

40
Q

Bounding pulses, pulsaing nail bed, wide pulse pressure is associated witgh what valvular disease

A

Aortic regurgitation

41
Q

Concentric vs eccentric hypertrophy

A

Concentric - AS - pressure

Eccentric - AR - volume

42
Q

Myxoid degeneration of mitral valve leads to

A

Mitral valve prolapse (MR)

43
Q

Mid systolic click with systolic murmur is caused by

A

Mitral Valve prolapse

44
Q

Papillary muscle rupture leads to what valvular problem

A

MR

45
Q

Holosystolic blowing murmur louder in squatting or expiration is heard in what disease

A

Mitral Regurgitation

46
Q

Opening snap followed by a diastolic rumble is associated by

A

Mitral Stenosis

47
Q

Acute vs Chronic Rheumatic heart disease lesion

A

Acute - MR

Chronic - MS

48
Q

Arrythmia associated with Mitral Stenosis

A

Atrial fibrillation

49
Q

Most common cause of endocarditis (organism)

A

Streptococcus viridans (low virulence, subacute)

50
Q

Pathogenesis of IE

A

Endocardial surface damage, develops thrombotic vegetations, then transient bacteria traps bacteria

51
Q

Acute endocarditis caused by IV drug users caused by what organism

A

Staph aureus

52
Q

Caused endocarditis in prosthetic heart valves

A

Staph epidermis

53
Q

Causes endocarditis in patients with colorectal carcinoma

A

S. bovis

54
Q

Endocarditis with negative blood cultures

A

HACEK

Hemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella

55
Q

Janeway lesions and Osler nodes are associated with

A

Infective endocarditis

56
Q

Causes of nonbacterial endocarditis

A

Hypercoagulable state

Adenocarcinoma

57
Q

Libman sacks endocarditis morphology

A

Vegetations on both sides of valve

58
Q

Most common cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated

59
Q

Cardiac cycle affected by dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated

60
Q

Most common genetic mutation inheritance in dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Autosomal dominant

61
Q

Pregnancy cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated

62
Q

Infectgion common in dilated cardiomyopathy

A

coxsackie virus

63
Q

Genetic mutation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

sarcomere protein

64
Q

Sudden death in athletes is associated with

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

65
Q

Loeffler syndrome is

A

Eosinophilic infiltration of heart –> restrictive cardiomyopathy

66
Q

Low voltage ecg with decreased QRS complex is found in what cardiomyopathy

A

Restrictive

67
Q

Benign mesenchymal proliferation with gelatinous appearance

A

Myxoma

68
Q

Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults

A

Myxoma

69
Q

Location of myxoma

A

Left atrium -

70
Q

Benign hamartoma of cardiac muscle

A

Rhabdomyoma

71
Q

Most common primary cardiac tumor in children

A

Rhabdomyoma

72
Q

Location of rhabdomyoma

A

Ventricle

73
Q

Rhabdomyoma is associated with

A

Tuberous sclerosis

74
Q

Metastasis to heart usually are in

A

Pericardium

75
Q

Common tumors metastasizing to heart

A

Melanoma, breast, lymphoma

PLE Pathology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions