Where We Live, Rural Periphery

Question 1

What are rural peripheries? In their physical aspect and attributes?

Answer 1

They’re areas outside of urban core regions. As you go out from urban core, you grow closer and closer to rural periphery. Population wise? Not many people live here– they would rather live in the core

Question 2

What are rural peripheries like economically?

Answer 2

They’re not only isolated physically, but they’re economically behind the urban core. Whereas urban consists of jobs from quaternary and tertiary sector, rural are full of primary and secondary jobs. For example, farming, or tourism. But these jobs are widely seasonal and very low payed

Question 3

What age group of people live in the rural and what age group live in urban. Explain why?

Answer 3

People of working age: 25-59 take up urban core, as well as younger people who came to urban for good uni opportunities. There are plenty of things that urban core has to offer for people. In rural areas, you’ll find the elderly, or people who’ve retired and now live on pension. They choose rural because it’s quieter there and the properties are mildly cheaper. In urban areas, those 25-29 may think of starting a family here, where there are good facilities and etc.

Question 4

What does urban economical activity look like? What about rural?

Answer 4

For urban: office jobs, retail jobs, large shops, factory jobs and cultural centre jobs (museum and art exhibitions).
For rural: work from home (IT), tourism, farming, mining

Question 5

What is the settlement like for urban core? What about rural periphery?

Answer 5

Urban: expensive property, mix of high and low rise buildings. Large towns, cities, conurbations and metropolises
Rural: cheaper property, low rise buildings, market towns and isolated farms

Question 6

What is the estimated number for population density in rural. What about urban?

Answer 6

Rural: 1-100 people per km2
Urban: 200+ people per km2

Question 7

State a reason involving privileges, that may explain why people are moving away from rural to urban

Answer 7

Urban has a lot of things that rural areas don’t. These are called “HAVES” and they’re basically everything that the urban core has that the rural areas are deprived of

Question 8

List the six HAVES of the urban core

Answer 8

– better facilities (hospitals, schools– better access to education)
– high amount of jobs, well payed jobs, financial power
– good infrastructure, access to electricity, gas, and also fast broadband
– social elitists
– transportation
– all of the governments major funds go to the urban core

Question 9

Rural periphery have got HAVES as well, but it’s more to the negative sides. List all of their 7 HAVES

Answer 9

– they have brain drain
– mining industry
– farming industry
– agriculture industry
– little power (WIFI, gas, electricity)
– low wages
– forestry

Question 10

Define what it means by “brain drain”

Answer 10

The youth of the intelligence are moving out of the rural areas (there aren’t stimulating opportunities there for them) and moving into urban areas (LOADS OF OPPORTUNITIES such as well payed jobs in the city and better uni options)

Question 11

What are the financial problems between rural and urban areas?

Answer 11

They have a very severe pay gap between them. Urban areas have all the government funding, and rural areas have low wage jobs. They don’t receive the same wages or funding.

Question 12

Define affluent. E.g. the urban core are very affluent

Answer 12

They have HIGH income

Question 13

How is the government working on providing a solution to the big pay gap?

Answer 13

They have come up with four incentives to try and attract outside investments. Four strategies:
– enterprise zones
– levelling up finding/regional development grants
– transport infrastructure
– EU regional development funds

Question 14

Give an overall explaination of how enterprise zones work.

Answer 14

They are areas located around Scot, Eng, and Wales (around 55 of them). Basically businesses and companies who choose to locate in these areas will receive a lot of benefits. This measure was put in place to encourage businesses to locate in areas of low employment (brings about high pay, high skill plus high income and help poor rural areas develop.)

Question 15

What are the benefits that enterprise zones are offering to businesses who locate in their area?

Answer 15

Reduced taxes, improves infrastructure (WIFI, improves broadband speed), simpler planning rules

Question 16

What are the advantages of enterprise zones?

Answer 16

– Giving incentives like recused tax, encourages businesses to locate in these zones. Which means high skill jobs (like hi-tech: quaternary jobs) increase and new jobs can also be created. That reduces pay inequalities.
– reducing tax, means companies will have more profit left over, which they’ll use to invest in their company, expanding it and creating new jobs
– enterprise zones are made to help areas of low employment (not necessarily rural periphery, it also helps urban cites that have experienced deindustrialisation). To help them, enterprise zones help creat NEW jobs and higher SKILL jobs (tertiary, quaternary) and this will reduce wage inequities and ATTRACT foreign investment

Question 17

Why would simpler planning rules and fast broadband attract businesses?

Answer 17

It means that you don’t need to go through the fuss of filling in forms for permissions and rights to build a place for your business to base in. Improved broadband helps with daily life quality and they also introduce jobs such as higher payed IT jobs that can be worked from home

Question 18

What are the disadvantages of enterprise zones?

Answer 18

– it’s not that realistic, not many people will up and move just for faster broadband
– focuses on urban too much and leaves out rural which is supposed to be the MAIN focus for these strategies
– when companies locate themselves elsewhere (i.e. rural) they draw themselves away from somewhere else (i.e. urban) which just means that displacement of jobs will happen.
– Enterprise Zones may encourage young people to move over for jobs, but if they don’t, then the companies have just located themselves somewhere with the elderly or people in retirement and with bad transport links.
– they’re disturbing the retirement atmosphere for the elderly (the quiet)

Question 19

What are regional development grants?

Answer 19

Money and advice given to businesses to help start them up. They are available in more places compared to enterprise zones. Most target periphery.

Question 20

What are the disadvantages of regional development grants?

Answer 20

Investors have to raise 5.5x the amount of grant given in order for the businesses to fully get on their feet
This idea is very money centered. If the government runs out of money, or they hit a crisis, this project will be very quickly forgotten about

Question 21

What are the advantages of regional development grants?

Answer 21

They are more available compared to enterprise zones
They attract more private investment which the government wants
The grants support businesses of all sizes and kinds

Question 22

Why would government want to attract private sector and how does that link to regional development grants?

Answer 22

Grants help those specifically still reliant on public sector (government funded– takes up money). Government wants people to be more reliant on private sector. And they want private sector investment because they bring in worth, income and value without the government having to fund anything.

Question 23

What is the private sector?

Answer 23

Portion of economy that is controlled by individuals groups. Often called the citizen sector. It’s a means of enterprise focusing solely on profit.

Question 24

How do private sector benefit the people?

Answer 24

Working in private sector will earn you more money. They pay more than public sector and they offer more career choices and faster progression.

Question 25

What was regional development granting replaced with?

Answer 25

Levelling up funding

Question 26

What is levelling up funding?

Answer 26

Government and private sector put in the money to help improve deprived areas in order for them to appear attractive to business, which reduces inequality for the area. They improve these places by improving infrastructure (better broadband), imputing better transport links, and building more cultural assets (to make it nicer so more people will visit

Question 27

What kind of businesses do regional development grants help and what happens after they receive the help?

Answer 27

They target smaller businesses that could grow into bigger companies that bring more worth and income. These companies will also increase job opportunities (multiplier effect).

Question 28

What are advantages of levelling up funding?

Answer 28

Better transport links mean more people can travel from there to other places to commute for work and more people can travel elsewhere to here to commute to work. Helps you travel further away more efficiently. Cultural assets make places nicer and it’s more probable that people would want to live there

Question 29

What is the disadvantage of levelling up funding?

Answer 29

Just like regional grants, it’s very reliant on money that is hard to earn and hard to get. If they don’t get this money, the plan doesn’t work. If government runs into an economic crisis, this plan will be forgotten quickly.

Question 30

What are EU development funds?

Answer 30

What the EU used to promote growth in poorer rural areas. They do this by investing in small hi- tech companies: they also provide training to improve local people’s skill and they find their infrastructure. This plan attracts DIGITAL businesses

Question 31

What does the CA policy have to do with EU development funds?

Answer 31

The common agricultural policy is what the EU has put in place to make sure that farmers can still make a living with what their doing.

Question 32

What is the advantage of the CA policy?

Answer 32

It encourages diversity as well making sure people who work in farming won’t necessarily have to switch jobs to be able to provide for themselves.

Question 33

Why will investing in hi-tech companies and attracting digital businesses be useful’

Answer 33

It increases amount of tertiary and quaternary jobs in poorer areas, and it draws jobs away from the primary and secondary sectors. The new jobs made will be high skill and high pay jobs. The introduction of these jobs will also reduce brain drain. Population will stop decreasing

Question 34

Who will the creation of skilled jobs attract?

Answer 34

Young people. The result of this is the boost in local economy

Question 35

What is the only disadvantage to the EU development funding strategy?

Answer 35

The uk has left the EU as of 2016 so it no longer applies to us. It’s in the past

Question 36

How will transport infrastructure improvement decrease high wage inequality?

Answer 36

Good transport links help people in rural areas to travel easily to urban core and commute there for jobs. Likewise, it makes it easier for people outside of the periphery to get there and commute for things such as jobs. If jobs there are easier to reach, there will be an increase of population (multiplier effect). Business will also like to locate here if it means they can also travel efficiently elsewhere and people could travel easier towards them

Question 37

How will transport infrastructure improvement fix london’s overpopulation problem?

Answer 37

London has EXPENSIVE property, it’s dirty, overpopulated, dangerous, it’s expensive in all ways. Business may not want to locate themselves there and would rather move elsewhere for cheaper property. Transport links will encourage them to do so because they can move somewhere nicer and still be able to access all of the benefits that London has to offer. Economy is now more widespread and London will no longer overpopulate.

Question 38

Why will people favour retiring in rural areas

Answer 38

It’s quieter, less stressful life
Closer to nature
Lower cost of living