Decline Of The Old Economy Flashcards
What two sectors were the old economy made out from?
The primary and secondary sectors
Define a primary industry job
It was the extraction of raw materials from the ground or the ocean. These were normally sent to manufacturers
Give examples of primary sector jobs
Fishing, forestry, coal mining
Define a secondary industry job
Often requires material from primary sector. They specialise in manufacturing of goods.
Give examples of secondary sector jobs
Those who work in light and heavy manufacturing (in factories) and also builders
What is the new economy made up of (in terms of job sectors)
New economy is made up of tertiary and quaternary sector jobs
Define a quaternary industry job
They consist of those who provide information services. Specifically in the scientific area. They make up the knowledge sector of the new economy
Give examples of quaternary sector jobs
Jobs in research and development, jobs in consultancy (advice giving– often to businesses), information services in ICT and computing
Define a tertiary industry job
Part of the new economy, it’s a very wide term. Used for a range of jobs. Can include low pay ones (some lower payed than secondary). They are all service jobs
Give examples of higher payed tertiary jobs
Teachers, lawyers, solicitors, nurses, doctors, soldiers and accountants
Give examples of lower payed tertiary jobs
Cleaners, sales assistants, people who pack groceries away, cashiers etc
True of false: tertiary sector jobs don’t produce anything. Explain.
It’s true. They don’t produce anything, but they provide goods and services to other people
Doctors can fit into both tertiary and quaternary sector definition. Explain how.
Doctors like GPs or pharmacists, people who diagnose and serve others are part of the tertiary industry. Doctors who do research and development (like cancer cure) are to do with the quaternary industry
Define employment structure
Refer to how work force of the 4 employment sectors are split and divided within a country or region. It can be represented on a bar chart, pie chart, or even line graph. Employment structure varies between countries
What model displays employment structure in the uk
The Clark-Fisher model
The Clark-Fisher model is a graph. What kind? Why?
It shows CHANGE in employment structure over TIME so it’s a line graph
The Clark-Fisher model has three time period sections. Which are they?
Pre-industrial, post-industrial and industrial eras
According to the Clark-Fisher model, how did primary sector jobs change over time
They peaked during the pre-industrial era. And over time, all the way throughout the industrial era and post industrial era, they steadily decreases. It is currently close to disappearing
Why did primary sector jobs decrease during the industrial era? What happened because of that?
By that time, the uk was exhausting it’s resources. This especially applies to its natural resources. Like non renewables. Primary resource reserves decline further and further until the uk has to ship in their non renewables
Why did primary sector jobs further decline in the post industrial era (nothing to do with exhaustion)
Many primary sector jobs are being replaced and managed by robots and AI. This is due to mechanisation. They’ve taken over and now there’s a lower proportion of primary sector works
What happened to primary sector workers because of mechanisation?
Lower proportion of workers in the primary sector now. Many have to move, or commute to their jobs instead of working locally. Many move from rural to urban areas in search of other sources of income (urbanisation + internal migration)
According to the Clark-Fisher model how did the secondary sector jobs change over time.
They rose in the pre-industrial era and peaked during the industrial era, before eventually falling during the post industrial era.
Why are secondary sector jobs decreasing?
As a result of mechanisation. Their jobs are being taken over and replaced by more competent AI and machinery. They mainly replace light manufacturing, but some also take over heavy manufacturing too
According to the Clark-Fisher model, how do tertiary sector change over time?
They’re the sector that are steadily, steadily increasing. Known as the main growth area. Been on the rise since pre-industrial.
Why are more people moving from primary and secondary to tertiary (maybe quaternary at a stretch)
People as receiving higher education as time goes on. People are emerging from that more qualified, and more skilled. They won’t want to work in factories any longer and they’ll much rather want to work with higher pay, higher skill jobs
Why do tertiary sector jobs increase with peoples wealth?
When people get richer, they have more free time on their hands. Which means leisure services are increasing. This opens up more job opportunities in the tertiary industry.
What does the Clark-Fisher model tell us about?
The employment changes over time and balance of employment as the uk develops.
What are models used for in geogorahy
Used to let us deepen our understanding and general overview on the topic the model is displaying. They are only for UNDERSTANDING. It’s not ACCURATE because they are often too GENERAL and ignore CONTEXT
List three disadvantages of the Clark-Fisher model
- Assumes that a straight development path is taken (developing to developed)
- Doesn’t take in context (international context) like the shipping and trading of goods and movement of manufacturing to cheaper less developers countries (globalisation and FDI etc etc)
- Some countries will skip sectors entirely. They may have a large tertiary sectors due to tourism, but they may lack secondary manufacturing jobs
Give an example of decline of the old economy in the uk
Dinnington, South Yorkshire
