Wheelock Ch 01 Grammar

Question 1

Verbs: What are the five characteristics exhibited by verbs?

Answer 1

1.) Person, 2.) Number, 3.) Tense (aka time) 4.) Mood (manner of speech), and 5.) Voice

Question 2

Verbs: What is meant by person?

Answer 2

Who takes the action of the verb: the 1st person, 2nd person, or 3rd person.

Question 3

Verbs: What is number?

Answer 3

How many subjects, whether singular or plural.

Question 4

Verbs: How many tenses (time of speech) are there in Latin? Name them.

Answer 4

There are six: 1.) Present, 2.) Future, 3.) Imperfect, 4.) Perfect, 5.) Future Perfect, and 6.) Pluperfect.

Question 5

Verbs: How many Moods of verbs are there in Latin? Name them.

Answer 5

The mood covers the manner of indicating the action or state of being of the verb. There are three: 1.) Indicative, 2.) Imperative, and 3.) Subjunctive.

Question 6

Verbs: What does voice express? How many voices are there? Name them.

Answer 6

Voice gives an indication (with transitive verbs, or those that can take direct objects), of whether the subject performs the action (ACTIVE) or receives it (PASSIVE). There are two voices noted above.

Question 7

What does one do to a verb when listing all its forms in regard to person, number, tense, mood, and voice?

Answer 7

One “Conjugates” a verb. This is done with finite verbs (ones that express those five characteristics listed) as opposed to infinitives which do not.

Question 8

How do Latin verbs signal person, number, and voice within the word itself (where English uses pronouns)?

Answer 8

Latin uses PERSONAL ENDINGS.

Question 9

What are the Latin “Personal Endings” for active voice verbs? (Give both singular and plural)

Answer 9

Singular Plural
1st Person -o or -m (I) -mus (we)
2nd Person -s (you) -tis (you)
3rd Person -t (he, she, it) -nt (they)

Question 10

What identifies an infinitive as belonging to the 1st Conjugation of verbs?

Answer 10

The -āre ending, with its -ā- STEM VOWEL.

Question 11

What identifies an infinitive as belonging to the 2nd Conjugation of verbs?

Answer 11

The -ēre ending, with its -ē- STEM VOWEL.

Question 12

How many Conjugation groups exist in Latin?

Answer 12

There are four Conjugation groups.

Question 13

How do you create the present stem of a verb?

Answer 13

Drop the -re ending from the infinitive. Verb stems in 1st Conjugation end in ā and 2nd Conjugation stems end in ē.

Question 14

When can a vowel that is normally long be shortened? (Recall: macrons indicate long vowels; hence this rule explains when a macron disappears).

Answer 14

There are three common examples: 1.) when it appears before another vowel, 2.) before -m, -r, or -t at the end of a word, or 3.) before -nt or nd in any position.

Question 15

What happens to the 1st Conjugation -ā- stem vowel when paired with the first person singular personal ending -ō?

Answer 15

The -ā- is not only shortened (macron disappears) but the -a- itself is contracted away and disappears leaving only the -ō ending.

Question 16

How do you form the Singular Present Active Imperative of a verb?

Answer 16

The singular imperative is identical to the present stem (drop the -re ending from infinitives in the 1st and 2nd Conjugations leaving the stem).

Question 17

How do you form the Plural Present Active Imperative of a verb?

Answer 17

The Plural Imperative is formed by adding -te to the present stem/singular imperative.

Question 18

What is an adverb and where is it typically positioned?

Answer 18

A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb and is typically placed before the modified verb, adjective, or adverb. (ie, non (not) or saepe(often)).