WHATS GONNA BE THERE Flashcards
from sinead
where does the right hand side of the heart pump blood to?
lungs
what oxygen does the left hand side of the heart pumps and where?
all organs in the body except lungs, oxygen rich blood
what direction does the blood flow in?
atria to ventricles, ventricles to lungs and the other organs
what blood does each side of the heart contain?
right: oxygen - poor
left: oxygen - rich
what happens when the brain detects high levels of carbon dioxide in your blood?
it makes the the pacemaker speed up the rythm, this way the excess carbon dioxide will be quickly removed by the blood towards the lungs where our body can get rid of it via the air breathed out
what’s the heart specific rhythm of contraction and relaxation set up by, and what’s it called?
a group of cells, collectively called the pacemaker
what “treatment” do patients with heart rhythm problems get?
not a treatment, they have an artificial pacemaker implanted which sends electrical signals directly to the heart muscle
how’s oxygenated blood transported to all of your other cells tissues and organs?
by means of the systemic circulation, this ection of the circulatory system also ransports waste substances from the cells back to your heart
through what is oxygented blood pumped away, from where and to where?
pumped away from the heart, through arteries to the cells
what’s the main artery that transports blood away from the heart? and what’s it like?
DIRECTLY from the heart
aorta. it splits up into smaller arteries such as the liver artery ect.
ect (examples) intestinal arteries, and the renal (kidney) arteries.
where is deoxygenated blood transported from, through what towards where?
from the cells, through veins towards the heart.
what are the two main veins that transport blood directly from the organs back to the heart, and what do they do?
more speicfically (2nd part)
the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. they collect blood from smaller veins such as the liver vein and the renal vein
what’s a stroke?
a condition when one of the arteries that transport blood to the brain is blocked\ruptured
how does a heart attack happen?
when the coronary circulation is blocked, and part of you cardiac tissue stops fuctioning properly.
definition
heart attack
a condition when the blood flow inside part of the cardiac tissue is blocked
what are capillaries, and what do they connect?
tiny blood vessels, that connect arteries and veins
what’s the pressure inside capillaries, how thick are their walls, are they narrow or wide and how much?
very low pressure. walls just one cell layer thick. are very narrow - about 0.001 mm in diameter.
what does the thinnes of capillaries cause?
oxygen, water and nutrients easily flow out of them and into the tissues and cells that surround them.
why do veins have valves in them?
in order for blood to keep flowing towards the heart (not falling under low pressure) . the valves close when the blood tries to flow backwards.
do white blood cells have nuclei? what do they fight?
they do have nulcei. they foght bacteria, viruses and other invaders which may cause disease
how does your body react to invaders? and what does the reaction “do”?
the reactiom is making morw white blood cells. the white blood cells change their shape and squeeze themselves through capillary walls, entering tissues that have been invaded.
what are the types of white blood cells, and what do each do?
- phagocytes: change shape and stretch to engulf and ‘sawlow up’ bacteria, then digest the bacteria into smaller pieces which are not harmful
- lymphocytes: make antibodies which are espeicially produuced to assist the pjagocytes in destroying invaders. it takes a while for the lymphocytes to make enough antibodies = the reason you get ill
what’s plasma?
yellow-ish liquid component of blood.
what does plasma consist of? what’s sspended in it?
mainly water. nutrients, waste products *, hormones and a fraction of oxygen
* such as carbon dioxide
how’s your blood “divided”?
55% plasma
platelets
white blood cells
45% red blood cells
what’s involved in blood clotting?
platelets
making a clot… say it aall
When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets are activated and stick to the wound’s walls and each other. They change shape to form a temporary cover that stops blood from leaking but is still fragile. The platelets then send signals to fibrinogen in the plasma, turning it into sticky fibrin fibers. Fibrin forms a net at the wound, keeping platelets in place and trapping blood cells and plasma. This creates a clot that stops blood loss and blocks bacteria from entering. The clot hardens , and as new skin cells grow underneath, the scab eventually falls off, leaving healed skin.
what are platelets?
tiny fragments of cells
how are red blood cells shape and why are they different from all other body cells? also where are they made?
disc - shaped
bc they lack a cell nucleus
made by bone marrow
how does blood transport oxygen?
red bloos cells contain haemoglobin which binds oxygen
what the color of oxygenated blood? what the color of de-oxygenated blood?
oxygenated: bright red
de-oxygenated: deep red-purple
