WHATS GONNA BE THERE

Question 1

where does the right hand side of the heart pump blood to?

Answer 1

lungs

Question 2

what oxygen does the left hand side of the heart pumps and where?

Answer 2

all organs in the body except lungs, oxygen rich blood

Question 3

what direction does the blood flow in?

Answer 3

atria to ventricles, ventricles to lungs and the other organs

Question 4

what blood does each side of the heart contain?

Answer 4

right: oxygen - poor
left: oxygen - rich

Question 5

what happens when the brain detects high levels of carbon dioxide in your blood?

Answer 5

it makes the the pacemaker speed up the rythm, this way the excess carbon dioxide will be quickly removed by the blood towards the lungs where our body can get rid of it via the air breathed out

Question 6

what’s the heart specific rhythm of contraction and relaxation set up by, and what’s it called?

Answer 6

a group of cells, collectively called the pacemaker

Question 7

what “treatment” do patients with heart rhythm problems get?

Answer 7

not a treatment, they have an artificial pacemaker implanted which sends electrical signals directly to the heart muscle

Question 8

how’s oxygenated blood transported to all of your other cells tissues and organs?

Answer 8

by means of the systemic circulation, this ection of the circulatory system also ransports waste substances from the cells back to your heart

Question 9

through what is oxygented blood pumped away, from where and to where?

Answer 9

pumped away from the heart, through arteries to the cells

Question 10

what’s the main artery that transports blood away from the heart? and what’s it like?

DIRECTLY from the heart

Answer 10

aorta. it splits up into smaller arteries such as the liver artery ect.

ect (examples) intestinal arteries, and the renal (kidney) arteries.

Question 11

where is deoxygenated blood transported from, through what towards where?

Answer 11

from the cells, through veins towards the heart.

Question 12

what are the two main veins that transport blood directly from the organs back to the heart, and what do they do?

more speicfically (2nd part)

Answer 12

the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. they collect blood from smaller veins such as the liver vein and the renal vein

Question 13

what’s a stroke?

Answer 13

a condition when one of the arteries that transport blood to the brain is blocked\ruptured

Question 14

how does a heart attack happen?

Answer 14

when the coronary circulation is blocked, and part of you cardiac tissue stops fuctioning properly.

Question 15

definition

heart attack

Answer 15

a condition when the blood flow inside part of the cardiac tissue is blocked

Question 16

what are capillaries, and what do they connect?

Answer 16

tiny blood vessels, that connect arteries and veins

Question 17

what’s the pressure inside capillaries, how thick are their walls, are they narrow or wide and how much?

Answer 17

very low pressure. walls just one cell layer thick. are very narrow - about 0.001 mm in diameter.

Question 18

what does the thinnes of capillaries cause?

Answer 18

oxygen, water and nutrients easily flow out of them and into the tissues and cells that surround them.

Question 19

why do veins have valves in them?

Answer 19

in order for blood to keep flowing towards the heart (not falling under low pressure) . the valves close when the blood tries to flow backwards.

Question 20

do white blood cells have nuclei? what do they fight?

Answer 20

they do have nulcei. they foght bacteria, viruses and other invaders which may cause disease

Question 21

how does your body react to invaders? and what does the reaction “do”?

Answer 21

the reactiom is making morw white blood cells. the white blood cells change their shape and squeeze themselves through capillary walls, entering tissues that have been invaded.

Question 22

what are the types of white blood cells, and what do each do?

Answer 22

• phagocytes: change shape and stretch to engulf and ‘sawlow up’ bacteria, then digest the bacteria into smaller pieces which are not harmful
• lymphocytes: make antibodies which are espeicially produuced to assist the pjagocytes in destroying invaders. it takes a while for the lymphocytes to make enough antibodies = the reason you get ill

Question 23

what’s plasma?

Answer 23

yellow-ish liquid component of blood.

Question 24

what does plasma consist of? what’s sspended in it?

Answer 24

mainly water. nutrients, waste products *, hormones and a fraction of oxygen

* such as carbon dioxide

Question 25

how’s your blood “divided”?

Answer 25

55% plasma
platelets
white blood cells
45% red blood cells

Question 26

what’s involved in blood clotting?

Answer 26

platelets

Question 27

making a clot… say it aall

Answer 27

When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets are activated and stick to the wound’s walls and each other. They change shape to form a temporary cover that stops blood from leaking but is still fragile. The platelets then send signals to fibrinogen in the plasma, turning it into sticky fibrin fibers. Fibrin forms a net at the wound, keeping platelets in place and trapping blood cells and plasma. This creates a clot that stops blood loss and blocks bacteria from entering. The clot hardens , and as new skin cells grow underneath, the scab eventually falls off, leaving healed skin.

Question 28

what are platelets?

Answer 28

tiny fragments of cells

Question 29

how are red blood cells shape and why are they different from all other body cells? also where are they made?

Answer 29

disc - shaped
bc they lack a cell nucleus
made by bone marrow

Question 30

how does blood transport oxygen?

Answer 30

red bloos cells contain haemoglobin which binds oxygen

Question 31

what the color of oxygenated blood? what the color of de-oxygenated blood?

Answer 31

oxygenated: bright red
de-oxygenated: deep red-purple