WHAT'S SLEEP, MEASURING IT Flashcards
what are some of the biological processes associated with sleep?
growth-hormones surge in sleep
flushing metabolic waste out of brain
brain plasticity for memories+learning
repair of daily injury/wear +tear
To conserve energy, all animals need the same amount of sleep T/F
FALSE - sleep duration is proportional to amount of activity/physiological demand
______sleep is for restoration and repair whereas ______ is used for memories + learning
NREM - in passive sleep,
REM - brain active state, actively creating stuff
TST _______each year
DECREASES
Rajaratnam et al., (2004) deprived pp’s of sleep, then allowed them to stay in bed upto 14 hours. What happened next?
Restored back to 8.7h of sleep
Adults are recommended to sleep no less than_____hours for optimal function, but more than______ may indicate a problem
7;9
The recommended TST for young adults, illness affected, sleep debt recoverers is______
9+ hours
A good measure of sleep adequacy is______
QUALITY of wake time
What are the 6 parameters PSG measure?
1) Sleep latency;
2) TST
3) sleep efficiency
4) awakenings
5) wake after sleep onset (WASO) = how LONG you were awake for
6) sleep stages
Actigraphy directly measures sleep
T/F
FALSE - looks at indirect measures i.e. movement, HR, light exposure
Subjective measures of sleep show________
sleep latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, awakenings, sleep quality, daytime sleep
Subjective and objective sleep measures have the same measures and outcomes
T/F
Measures ARE the same –> can tell you the same stuff, but OUTCOMES are different, may have normal PSG but report idiopathic insomnia
What do the following self-report questionnaires measure?
Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)
Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS)
Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS)
PSQI - sleep quality, 19 items measured 0-3 where HIGHER scores = worse sleep. >5 = poor sleep
ESS - trait sleepiness/ day time sleepiness, how likely are you to fall asleep in ____situation, HIGHER SCORES = worse sleepiness, used for diagnosing narcolepsy
KSS - state sleepiness - reaction time
STOPBANG is used when __________
Screening for risk of obstructive sleep apnoea
Sleep stages are categorised into 2 cstates_________
REM / NREM
What is meant by REM being desynchronised and paradoxical?
The EEG oscillations irregular, sum of neurons firing comes from many different rates = bumpy, much like wake states
Paradoxical bc mind is active but body catatonic
How do we mark the onset of NREM?
EOG shows it first having slow rolling eye movements
EEG measures electrical activity by_________
Measuring the DIFFERENCE in electrical conductivity between two electrodes = is a summary of electrical activity in that area
signal is amplified + filtered to produce digital recording
EEG Hertz measure_______
number of cycles per second
During NREM localised neurons typically have the same output
T/F
True
Sleep onset is related to_____waves of ____Hz
Theta, 4-7Hz
The marker of entering NREM2 is_________
K complx + sleep spindles
Theta activity is only associated with NREM3
T/F
False - can be seen even in NREM1
A sleep spindle is classified when________
1-16 Hz > 0.5 sec that waxes and wanes
NREM3 is classified when________ of sleep is SWS
20-50%
SWS is seen on EEG when waves are___________
Delta - <2Hz
REM sleep involves constant EOG movement
T/F
FALSE - comes in bursts
Why do we see EMG twitches in REM if body is meant to be catatonic?
Is a protective mechanism so we don’t act out the dreams
Each night we usually go through______ sleep cycles lasting_______
3-4; 90mins
You will feel the worst being woken up from which sleep stage?
2 –>
The DEEPEST sleep occurs in _______time of night
First third
Normal sleep efficiency = ___%
85%
Normal sleep latency for YA _______
10-30mins
Compared to YA sleep, children get MORE______
SWS
Elderly get the ________SWS
Least
Circadian system signal for wakefulness peaks when_______
In evening before sleep
Circadian system signal for sleep peaks when_______
Early in the night to PROLONG sleep, after homeostatic sleep debt is paid off
