sleep over the lifespan Flashcards
Little is known about sleep in utero bc we don’t have the tools to measure it, we DO however know that_________
Sleep mechanisms emerge BEFORE birth
Sleep is estimated to begin at 10 weeks and we see this by__________
emergence of different BEHAVIOURAL states in utero
Rhythmic activity starts after_____ weeks
20-28
After birth, what sleeping patterns differentiate normal/ abnormal developing infant
NORMAL - NREM increase + continued waning of REM sleep, get entrained 36w after birth to regular sleep cycles
ABNORMAL - increase in NREM not seen, abnormal brain states on EEG, do NOT get entrained
‘Quiet’ sleep refers to_______, whereas ‘active’ means _____
NREM - regular breathing ; REM - irregular breathing
At 36 weeks infants begin to have rhythms, sleeping for 70% of the night and 65% of the day, they accomplish this because _______
NOT KNOWN - must be somehow genetic + entrained from mother
Typically developing neonates sleep for ______h in a 24 cycle
16-18h BUT not continuously
Describe REM/NREM patterns pre –> post birth
Building up to the birth have INCR amount of NREM
After birth, have a waning amount of REM
We know the foetal circadian rhythms emerge by ______ trimester
THIRD - begin to have regularity in HR / activity that is IN SYNC with mother
New parents struggle to sleep enough because the child also barely sleeps T/F
FALSE - get heaps of sleep but it is not regular / organised
Ultradian rhythm refers to_______
3-4h rhythms in babies where they eat, sleep, wake
After birth, describe baby’;s sleep patterns in 3 steps
Ultradian rhythm
Free running
Entrainment after 4 months (16w)
Melatonin rhythms arise at ________days
45
at _____ months child begins to sleep through most of the night
2-3 mths
> 12 months nap ______
<12 months nap ______
<6 months nap_______
>12 = 1 a day <12 = 12 a day <6 = 3-4
Sleep tends to be stable for the first few months but typically regresses in ________
4th month after birth –> 4mth sleep reggression when NREM/REM cycles emerge
What is meant by sleep organisation changes in babies?
As they get older, NUMBER of sleep periods changes;
• Polyphasic (0-1yo),
• biphasic (1-3yo),
• monophasic (3+) i.e. one sleep period per 24h
K complexes + SWS emerge ________ months
at 6 months
Which is INCORECT;
a) toddlers have a dramatic drop in sleep duration
b) by 4-5 sleep rhythms start to resemble adults
c) sleep rhythms are longer than adults
d) circadian preference starts to develop by 6-yo
C - rhtyhms are SHORTER than adults lasting 40-60min + more cycles
By ______ age REM/NREM are established and are identical to adults;
a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 16
D - 16
Adolescents have dramatic fall in sleep duration but maintain the same NEED for sleep. This is caused by ‘the perfect storm’consisting of 3 components______
1) circadian phase delay = onset of biological signals get delayed
2) Slowed rise of sleep pressure = signal to sleep is weakened
3) more sensitive to light
Sleep is adulthood is primarily associated with increased ___________
sleep fragmentation
TST dramatically decreases with age T/F
False - does decrease by 10 mins each decade. Assoc w incr sleep awakenings = reduced EFFICIENCY
Young bodies are more resistant to sleep deprivation T/F
False - OLDER people are more resilient to sleep deprivation. (but this is liekly due to their system malfunctioning)
Why do older people experience difficulties falling asleep?
VLPO system (sleep switch) deteriorates with age, delta waves start dropping after 20 yo
Describe the link between SWS and memory impairment
SWS is important for clearing toxins, DECLARATIVE (explicit) memory, maintaining grey matter function.
The relationship between ageing and memory loss is mediated by the amount of SWS we get bc we then have LESS toxins, and MORE grey matter = BETTER declarative memory
Which is UNTRUE;
a) interstitial space increases during sleep in animal models
b) An important part of REM sleep is metabolising Beta - amyloid during sleep
c) a majority of adults report at least 1 sleeping problem
d) Adolescents sleep for the same amount as elderly
B - Beta Amyloid is cleared by NREM SWS.
C - true, 57% report at least one, but 43% don’t report any = ageing does not CAUSE sleeping issues
D - D - true, adolescents sleep for the same amount, but have a DELAY compared to older adults
Elderly have greater intradaily instability in terms of their sleep T/F
TRUE - have more rapid wake/rest cycles
Brain atrophy related to sleep is likely to occur________
Medial temporal lobe + PFC
The timing of sleep in older adults can be summarised in 3 points________
1) Advanced phase
2) Changes to circadian mechanisms i.e. VLPO,
3) Decreased amplitude
Reduction in the amplitude of sleep may be attributed to ______
Napping in the wake maintenance zone
Early morning awakenings
Increased propensity to nap
The most frequent complaints of sleep in older adults_______ and are caused by________
Sleep INITIATION + maintenance
Due to VLPO waning with age + decreased SWS, more fragmentation, lower sleep drive, day time napping
