drugs and sleep

Question 1

How do drugs act on sleep?

Answer 1

increase sleepiness
promote vigilance (alertness)
have sleepiness as a SIDE effect

Question 2

alcohol and substance use is measured on a population level by________

Answer 2

Surveys - more informative than sales data bc we can learn about WHO consumes alcohol + demographics
sales data - purely categorical info
burden of disease - following X cohort and observing

Question 3

thetwo most common classes of drugs ABUSED

Answer 3

opioids

tranquillisers

Question 4

Alcohol has an effect on;

a) TST
b) sleep latency
c) sleep fragmentation
d) dya time sleepiness

Answer 4

B - sleep latency

Question 5

Alcohol can be used for reducing sleep latency, BUT a down side of this is ______

Answer 5

get a TOLERANCE very quickly, require more amounts

Question 6

Alcohol ______ REM and ________SWS

Answer 6

SUPPRESSES REM sleep, increases SWS

Question 7

The earliest studies of alcohol and sleep were conducted by_______

Answer 7

observing someone drunk, hpw hard it is to wake them, etc.,

Question 8

Alcohol decreases sleep efficiency, it also changes sleep architecture by________

Answer 8

suppressing REM

incr sleep fragmentation in 2nd half of the night

Question 9

Unlike those non-dependent on alcohol, clients with alcohol dependency have ____ sleep latency

Answer 9

DELAYED –> opposite effect to non-abusers

Question 10

Alcohol makes OSA ________

Answer 10

Worse bc is a depressant

Question 11

How does alcohol work on NT’s?

Answer 11

excit GABA –> increases SWS
Inhibits glutamate –> inh wakefulnesses
promotes adonosine –> incr tiredness
potential link with acetyl choline –> REM/memory impairments

Question 12

Contrast effects of alcohol and cannabis on sleep

Answer 12

BOTH incr SWS + reduce sleep latency

both reduce REM

Question 13

In recreational users of THC, tst will be ________

Answer 13

increased

Question 14

Medicinal use of cannabis trials show___________

Answer 14

mixed resuls, effects on sleep uncertain

Question 15

Ecstasy is a synthetic amphetamine and works on ______NT

Answer 15

5-HT

Question 16

Ecstasy works by

Answer 16

1. Promoting release of stored 5-HT from presynaptic neurons
2. Blocks 5 HT transporter = blocks reuptake
3. Inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase – enzyme that is required for future production of 5-HT
   get an EXCESS –> then can’t produce any more = feel worse

Question 17

Which is UNTRUE;

a) ecstasy associated with poor sleep
b) ecstasy associated with sleep apnoea
c) ecstasy associated with excessive say time sleepiness
d) ecstasy associated with poor memory

Answer 17

C - day time sleepiness is NOT affected

Question 18

Caffeine is an adonosine antagonist, this means it inhibits_________

Answer 18

SWS

Question 19

Caffeine increases ________ in PFC

Answer 19

DA in PFC

Question 20

Caffeine ________TST, and has ________ effect on REM

Answer 20

DECR total sleep time

no effect on REM

Question 21

benzo’s vary in their __________, but ALL cause_____

Answer 21

half life; withdrawal symptoms

Question 22

benzo’s cause ________ sleep architecture changes

Answer 22

more NREM 2

less sws

Question 23

Imediately stopping /ceasing benzo’s cause _____

Answer 23

sleep disruptions, insomnia, fatigue, nightmares

Question 24

Benzodiazepines work primarily __________ in relation to wake system

Answer 24

are ANTAGONISTS to wake receptors

Question 25

opioids all work the same on the sleep/wake cycle (T/F)

Answer 25

FALSE

Question 26

opioids affect sleep architecture by___________

Answer 26

reducing SWS + REM, TST, efficiency

Question 27

Unlike ecstasy, opioids__________

Answer 27

DO cause day time drowsiness the next day (ecs does not)