what role biotechnology plays in our lives Flashcards
DNA structure
-Double stranded helix
-Hydrogen bonds include (adenine + Thymine, Guanine + Cytosine)
Central Dogma
-Transcription: copying of DNA code to RNA
-Translation: Rna gets translated into protein. Every 3 RNA bases codes for an amino acid
-Protein: Chain of amino acids… RNA is read as a single word that decodes for amino acid in the chain that makes up the protein
genetic code
-Codon: 3 letter “words” that code for amino acid (64 codons to code for - 20 amino acids)
-The chart is evidence showing that all organisms are connected and use the exact same genetic code
Process of Gene expression
-The process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein
-On and Off switch to go through the central dogma
DNA Extraction
Used w/ crops…agriculture
gel electrophoresis
-Separates DNA strands based on length
-Used for fingerprints, forensics
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
-Takes a few copies of DNA and make millions of copies
-used for covid test and crime scenes when blood is involved
Molecular Cloning (medicine)
- Extract gene from one species
- Insert into a vector
- Grow bacterial colonies
- Bacterial cells that took up the gene express the protein product of the gene
Reproductive cloning:
-Egg cell, diploid
-Regenerate damaged tissue
gene therapy
-May be used one day to cure genetic diseases
-Treating genetic disorders resulting in a missing or dysfunctional gene/protein
Process of Gene therapy
-The functional gene is cloned into a vector (a virus)
-Gene is inserted into the persons cell genome
-Functional gene gets expressed
Biotech applications
-Use molecular cloning to produce a gene product such as vaccine, antibiotics, human insulin, etc…(medicine)
genome
complete set of DNA
Proteome
Entire set of protein produces by a cell type
genome and proteome applications
-Pharmacogenomics- pharmacies…medicine
-Biofuel production- produce fossil fuels, bio fuels
-Forensics analysis- gel electrophoresis
-Agriculture- DNA extraction
