WHAT IS OCD (ICD CRITERA/MEASURES)? Flashcards
What is OCD?
- A mental health condition where a person experiences persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and engages in specific repetitive behaviors (compulsions) to reduce anxiety.
What are obsessions?
- Thoughts, images, or urges that are intrusive, recurrent and difficult to ignore,
(e.g. fear of harming oneself, fear of contracting an illness or infection, fear of harming or killing others)
What are compulsions?
- Behaviours/ mental acts (that a person feels compelled to repetitively perform in order to reduce the anxiety associated with the obsessions.
(e.g frequent/excessive handwashing, putting things in order, checking things repeatedly)
What is the differences between obsessions and compulsions?
- Obsessions= thoughts, images, urges (in the mind)
- Compulsions= Usually behaviours (or mental acts)
OCD and pervalence? - Population, Gender, age, cormorbidity, resposiveness to treatment?
- Population= 1 in 50 people
- Gender= Females suffers slighty more than males BUT males have higher incident of earlier onset.
- Age= Most common in older teens and young adults
- Cormorbidity= about 69% of sufferers have another mental disorder.
- Responsiveness= Only 6% fully recover/ 50% positively respond with treatment
Name some cognitive symptoms of OCD
- Obsessions (fear of contamination)
- Unwanted aggressive or taboo thought.
ICD critera for OCD? (3)
- RECOGNITION: Recognize that the obsessions and/or compulsions are excessive and unreasonable.
- TIME-CONSUMING: Have obsessions/compulsions that take up more than 1 hour per day
- IMPAIRMENTS: Their OCD interferes with multiple aspects of their life, (job, school and relationships)
TIR
Psychological symptoms of OCD?
- high anxiety/ fear, guilt or shame.
Behavioural symptoms of OCD?
- Checking behaviour
- Washing and cleaning
- Repeating and counting
- Arranging and ordering
- Avoidance.
Name 2 ways to screen for OCD?
- Maudsley Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder Inventory (MOCI) - 30 items
- Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) - 19 items
Name some features of the Y BOCS?
- Semi-structured interview
- 19 ITEMS
- (Clinical interviewer) goes through a list 67 symptoms. These symptoms are divided into clusters (aggressive, contamination obsessions)
- The interviewer notes whether the symptom is past, current, absent.
- Total scores range from 0-40
What is the YBOCS?
A semi-structured interview with 19 items, and a symptom checklist that goes through 67 symptoms for OCD. The interview notes whether each symptom is current, past or absent.
Strengths/ weaknesses of the YBOCS?
- Highly reliable: Considered the gold standard for assessing OCD severity. High inter-rater reliability. Different clinicians usually get similar results using the Y-BOCS on the same patient. his shows it’s not just subjective and is consistent across raters.
- Time-Consuming Compared to Shorter Scales: as a interview Y-BOCS takes longer to administer compared to quick self-report tools like the (MOCI). This can make it less practical for large-scale screenings/ patients that need immediate intervention
Requires a professional to adminsiter the interview- time-consuming
What’s the difference YBOCS vs MOCI?
- YBOCS= INTERVIEW
- MOCI= QUESTIONNAIRE
Name some features of the MOCI?
- Contains 30 true-or-false questions that assess obsessions and compulsions.
- It assess symptom related to checking, washing, slowness and doubting.
- Produces a score of 0-30.
Give some examples of items on the MOCI
- I frequently must check things several times (tap, oven) (Checking)
- I have a very strict conscience. (Doubting)
CWDS
What is the MOCI
A 30-item questionnaire used to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms, focusing in those related to checking, washing, slowness and doubting.
Strengths and weaknesses of the MOCI?
- Strength= Holistic- Targets 4 key areas of OCD (CWSD), which helps researchers and clinicians understand and identify which aspects of OCD the persons struggles with the most/ concerns (maybe more doubting than checking behavior)
- Weaknesses= Reductive: The MOCI only measures symptom presence but not severity or frequency (someone who washes their hands excessively several times a day and someone who washes 50 times a day might score the same). This makes it less effective for understand the full impact of OCD on a person’s functioning/life.
