What Is Life? Flashcards
Plants
Perform photosynthesis
Multicellular
Autotrophs
Eukaryotes
More complex cells
Fungi
Heterotrophs
Multicellular
Animals
Motile heterotrophs
Multicellular
Protists
Don’t fit anywhere else
Usually single celled
Prokaryotes
Simple cells
Bacteria
Archaea
Homeostasis
Keeping conditions in your body at the right levels to sustain life, despite external changes
Requirements for Life
Energy
Water
Food sources/nutrients
Climate
Spontaneous generation
The idea that under the right conditions life can come from abiotic things
Louis Pasteurs Experiment
1- open flask, cloudy
2- sealed flask, clear
3- open flask with burner at entry, clear
4- open swan neck flask- broth clear until neck was broken off
Atom
Smallest particle of matter
Made of electrons, neutrons, protons
Electrons
Negative charge, outside nucleus, make atoms bond, affects charge
Neutrons
No charge, in nucleus, determine mass
Protons
Positive charge, in nucleus, determines mass
Molecule
2 or more atoms bonded together
Have properties different from the atoms they are made of
Ionic Bond
Formed when oppositely charges ions attract
Covalent bond
Atoms share electrons to fill up their orbitals to capacity
Organelle
Organs of a cell which perform specialized tasks
Cell
Smallest unit of life, make up all living things
Lots of different types with different jobs
Tissue
A bunch of cells of the same type working together
Organ
A bunch of tissues working together
Together the tissues perform a bigger job
Organ system
Bunch of organs working together
Organism
A single living thing
Population
A group of organisms of the same species loving together
Community
All living things in an area
Ecosystem
- all living things in an area and their abiotic environment
Cell theory
All organisms are made of cells
Cells are the basic units of life
All cells are produced from existin cells
Functions of Living Things
Nutrition/energy/metabolism
Growth and reproduction
Response to environment
Nutrition energy and merabolism
Catabolism- break sdown
Anabolism- build up new products the cell can use
Catabolism + anabolism= metabolism
Growth and reproduction
All cells grow and reproduce trough the cell cycle
Response to the environment
Goal is maintaining homeostasis usually through negative feedback
Negative feedback
Applies an opposite force to balance a change
Emergent properties
In multicellular organisms
The whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts
Multicellularity allows for specialization of function which would not otherwise be possible
Cells communicate
Characteristics of all cells
Tend to be microscopic
All cells enclosed by a membrane- homeostasis is impossible if there in no seperation
Filled with with cytoplasm
Help carry chemicals to maintain reactions in the body
Maintain pressure inside cell
Eukaryotic Cell Characteristcs
Nucleus to contain DNA Have membrane bound organelles Larger Sometimes have cell walls Multi or unicellular
Prokaryotic cell characteristics
DNA floats freely
No membrane bound organelles
Always have a cell wall
Always unicellular
