Molecular Genetics

Question 0

Somatic cells

Answer 0

Diploid

All other cells

Question 1

Sex cells

Answer 1

Gametes
Haploid
Sperm/egg

Question 2

Mitosis produces…

Answer 2

… 2 identical diploid cells

Question 3

Meiosis produces….

Answer 3

… 4 unique haploid cells

Question 4

DNA replications

Answer 4

DNAP sticks to DNA
DNAP unzips the DNA
Free floating nucleotides bind to exposed bases
DNAP joins the backbones of the newly stuck nucleotides

Question 5

Semi conservative

Answer 5

Each new molecule of DNA contains an old and new strand

Question 6

Conservative

Answer 6

A whole new strand of DNA is created separate from the old strand

Question 7

Dispersive

Answer 7

Parts of the old strand join with parts of a new strand

Question 8

Mutations

Answer 8

Happens when DNA is copied
About 1/1 million bases is wrong
Error checkin proteins fix the vast majority of mistakes

Question 9

Transcription

Answer 9

RNAP bonds to DNA at a promoter
RNAP unzips a tiny part of the DNA and begins to move along the DNA
Free floating RNA nucleotides bind to exposed DNA bases
RNA nucleotides bond to each other
RNAP rezips the DNA and the new RNA detaches
When the RNAP reaches a stop codon, it releases the RNA

Question 10

mRNA

Answer 10

Messenger RNA

Carries the protein recipe

Question 11

rRNA

Answer 11

Ribosomal RNA

What ribosomes are made of

Question 12

tRNA

Answer 12

Transfer RNA

Brings the appropriate amino acid to match up with an mRNA codon

Question 13

mRNA codon

Answer 13

A group of 3 mRNA bases that codes for the addition of a particular amino acid to a protein

Question 14

tRNA anticodon

Answer 14

3 tRNA bases that stick to a codon

Question 15

Substitution Mutations

Answer 15

Replace a letter with a wrong letter

Question 16

Insertion mutation

Answer 16

Add an extra letter

Frameshift mutation

Question 17

Deletion mutation

Answer 17

Remove a letter

Frame shift mutation

Question 18

Alleles

Answer 18

Genes that code for the same protein but are slightly different

Question 19

5 Fingers of Evolution

Answer 19

Small population size
Non random mating
Mutation
Gene flow
Natural selection

Question 20

Small population size

Answer 20

A disaster that reduces population causes instant evolution

Chance genetic events lead to significant change

Question 21

Non-random mating

Answer 21

When people decide that some traits are more attractive, individuals with that trait will become more common

Question 22

Mutation

Answer 22

If new alleles are introduced, the genetic makeup of the population has changed

Question 23

Gene flow

Answer 23

Movement of individuals in and out of populations

Question 24

Natural selection finger

Answer 24

The only one which results in adaptation

Nature gives a thumbs up or thumbs up on new adaptations

Question 25

Artificial selection

Answer 25

Process by which humans select traits through breeding

Question 26

Natural selection define

Answer 26

Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial heritable traits produce more offspring than other individuals, causing the beneficial traits to become more common

Question 27

Heritability

Answer 27

The ability of a trait to be passed down

A trait is only beneficial if it helps you reproduce more

Question 28

Theory of Natural Selection

Answer 28

Variation
Overproduction
Adaptation
Descent with modification

Question 29

Variation

Answer 29

A natural difference in a population, caused by mutation

Question 30

Overproduction

Answer 30

There must be too many animals for the environment to support

Question 31

Adaptation

Answer 31

The trait must have some sort of advantage

Question 32

Descent with modification

Answer 32

The trait must continue to passed Down through the generations