What Is Health And Who Gets Sick

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

WHO - a state of complete physical, mental & social well-being & not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

What is mental health?

Answer 2

A state of complete well-being in which individuals realise their potential, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively & is able to make contribution to the community

Question 3

What is mental illness?

Answer 3

Disturbances of mood & thought which can affect behaviour & distress the individual and people around them - inhibiting normal function

Question 4

What is the indigenous concept of health?

Answer 4

Control over the physical environment, of dignity, of community self esteem and of justice

Question 4

What is a disease?

Answer 4

Process of change within the body - can be there without symptoms, signs, label or diagnosis

Question 5

What is an illness?

Answer 5

Experience of being sick & having diagnosis - more subjective & differs between people. Influences actions more than diseases

Question 6

What are the 4 key aspects in the measurement of health?

Answer 6

• assessment
• planning
• implementation
• evaluation

Question 7

What does incidence mean?

Answer 7

Frequency of which a problem appears in a population or area

Question 8

What does prevalence mean?

Answer 8

Proportion of individuals in a population having a health problem

Question 9

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 9

An infectious or transmissible disease - greatest contributor to death & disability throughout human history. More common in higher income populations

Question 10

What is a communicable disease caused by?

Answer 10

Bacteria, viruses, fungi & parasites

Question 10

How are communicable diseases passed on?

Answer 10

• direct person-person contact
• airborne (e.g. Large droplets or tiny particles)
• vector borne (e.g. Mosquito)
• vehicle spread (e.g. Door handle, food)
• mother to child (e.g. Pregnancy, birth, breast feeding)

Question 11

What is a non communicable disease?

Answer 11

Non infectious disease - chronic diseases. More common in lower income countries

Question 12

What causes non-communicable diseases?

Answer 12

• genetics
• aging process
• auto-immune disorders
• lifestyle risk factors
• behaviours

Question 13

Examples of non-communicable diseases (9)

Answer 13

• cancer
• diabetes
• neuropsychiatric disorders
• CVD (cardiovascular disease)
• respiratory diseases
• skin diseases
• dental diseases
• musculoskeletal diseases
• blindness

Question 14

What is co-morbidity?

Answer 14

Simultaneous occurrence of 2 or more disorders in one person

Question 15

What are the 3 key risk factors for co-morbidity?

Answer 15

• tobacco
• alcohol
• diet/physical activity complex

Question 16

What is ‘epidemiological transition’?

Answer 16

Increase of chronic diseases in low income countries as the lifestyles change

Question 17

What is a disability?

Answer 17

Impact that affects normal health and well being - affects normal day to day functioning

Question 18

What causes a disability?

Answer 18

• disease
• injury
• birth defect

Question 19

What are the main three Australian health risk factors?

Answer 19

• smoking
• high blood pressure
• obesity

Question 20

What are the top 10 global risk factors causing death?

Answer 20

• 1. High blood pressure
• 2. Tobacco
• 3. High cholesterol
• 4. Underweight
• 5. Unsafe sex
• 6. Low fruit & veg intake
• 7. High BMI
• 8. Physical inactivity
• 9. Alcohol
• 10. Unsafe water/sanitation/hygiene

Question 21

What are the acronyms used by WHO regarding health?

Answer 21

• DALYs - disability-adjusted life years

- DALY = YLL (years of life lost) + YLD (years lost to disability)

Question 22

What is epidemiological shift?

Answer 22

Health issues changed to chronic diseases due to lifestyle & behaviours

Question 23

What is primary health care?

Answer 23

First level of contact in community - affordable, close to home.

Question 24

What does primary health care do?

Answer 24

• addresses main health problems in the community
• provides; (4)
• promotive
• preventative
• curative
• rehabilitative services

Question 24

What does secondary health care mean?

Answer 24

Intermediate level of diagnosis & treatment performed in hospital - specialised equipment & lab facilities

Question 25

What does secondary health care do?

Answer 25

Provides service to more people from a larger area - e.g. ICU’s, highly specialised personnel

Question 26

What is tertiary health care?

Answer 26

A specialised, highly technical level of health care that includes diagnosis & treatment

Question 27

What does tertiary health care do?

Answer 27

Provides highly centralised care to the population of a large region

Question 28

What is rehabilitation?

Answer 28

Aim to regain physical, sensory, & mental capabilities that have been lost due to injury, illness, or disease

Question 29

What is public health?

Answer 29

The organised response by society to protect and promote health and to prevent injury, illness & disability

Question 30

What has life expectancy increased to for the developing world?

Answer 30

• 40 to 65
• each year 4 months added
• chance of survival past 5 years doubled

Question 31

Why has life expectancy increased for the developing world?

Answer 31

• greater social equity
• accessible primary health care
• decreased income equities
• improved status for women
• family planning & lower birth rates
• land reform
• adequate physical infrastructure (water, electricity, transport)

Question 32

Which people have poor health? (5)

Answer 32

• genetically susceptible people
• poor, powerless & stressed people without social support, education, work & access to good foods
• people in unclean, unsafe or contaminated environments
• indigenous people’s - lost of self-determination, homes & lifestyle
• refugees & internally displaced people’s - have had to leave homes