what is biochemistry? Flashcards

1
Q

Define Biochem and name the four major classes of biomolecules

A

(1)The structures, functions and metabolism of the four major classes of biomolecules
(2)biochem connects genome to phenome through the various “omes”
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids

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2
Q

proteins are monomers of?

A

amino acids

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3
Q

nucleic acids are monomers of?

A

nucleotides

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4
Q

polysaccharides are monomers of?

A

monosaccharides

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5
Q

Functions of proteins…

A
metabolic reactions
store energy (less)
support cellular structures
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6
Q

Functions of nucleic acids…

A
encode information 
metabolic reactions (less)
support cellular structures
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7
Q

Functions of polysaccharides…

A
encode information (less)
store energy 
support cellular structures (less)
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8
Q

Functions of lipids…

A

store energy

support cellular structures

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9
Q

Biochemistry is a ______ discipline

A

reductionist

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10
Q

Four major “omes” = ?

A

genome (DNA)
transcriptome (mRNA)
proteome (proteins)
metabolome (subtrates and metabolites)

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11
Q

Metabolism functions to maintain ______

A

homeostasis

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12
Q

photosynthesis is an example of what kind of metabolism?

A

anabolism–biosynthesis of larger molecules

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13
Q

Cellular respiration is an example of what kind of metabolism?

A

catabolism–degradation of molecules to capture and utilize energy

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14
Q

∆G less than 0

A

exergonic, the reaction is spontaneous (∆G=∆H-T∆S)

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15
Q

∆G>0

A

endergonic, reaction is not spontaneous

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16
Q

what sign of ∆H is favoured for enthalpy?

A

negative

17
Q

what sign of ∆S is favoured for entropy?

A

positive

18
Q

What does thermodynamics predict?

A

whether a rxn CAN proceed, not whether it will, it also depends on kinetics

19
Q

True or false: thermodynamically living systems are best described as being at equilibrium.

A

FALSE. living systems are in a steady state going toward minimum enthalpy and maximum entropy.

20
Q
units: 
mega	
kilo		
milli		
micro	
nano	
pico		
femto
A
(M)	10^6	
(k)	10^3
(m)	10^-3
(µ)	10^-6	
(n)	10^-9	
(p)	10^-12
(f)	10^-15