acid/base chemistry and buffers

Question 1

What is special about water from an acid base stand point?

Answer 1

It can ionize!! can act as either a weak base or weak acid

Question 2

if the [H+]>10^-7M the solution is…?

Answer 2

acidic

Question 3

if the [H+] is less than 10^-7 the solution is?

Answer 3

basic

Question 4

An acids tendency to ionize is defined by what?

Answer 4

its pKa

Question 5

pKa=?

Answer 5

-logKa

Question 6

Henderson-Hasslebach equation

Answer 6

pH= pK + log[A-]/[HA]

Question 7

when pH=pK

Answer 7

ratio of [A-]/[HA] = 1

Question 8

when ratio of [A-]/[HA] 10:1 or 1:10

Answer 8

the pH is either 1 unit above or below the pK value

Question 9

Where is phosphate a buffer

Answer 9

intracellular buffer has three pK’s

pK2 is important physiologically

Question 10

why is the bicarbonate buffer system important?

Answer 10

it maintains the blood and extracellular pH at 7.4

Question 11

Explain why the bicarbonate buffer system works

Answer 11

The [co2 dissolved] is maintained low because it is in equilibrium with the co2 gas being exhaled by the lungs
The h2co3 is maintained by the kidneys

Question 12

blood pH>7.4

Answer 12

Alkalosis 
[HCO3] (metabolic) increases 
eg: causing renal problems
pCO2 (respiratory) decreases 
eg: hyperventalation

Question 13

blood pH less than 7.4

Answer 13

acidosis 
[HCO3] (metabolic) decreases 
eg: lactic acidosis 
pCO2 (respiratory) increases 
eg: respiratory insufficiency