What happens in cells? B1.2

Question 1

What are the monomers that make up DNA called?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

What three components make up a nucleotide?

Answer 2

• A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 3

How many types of nitrogenous bases are found in DNA, and what are they?

Answer 3

• Four: A-T C-G

Question 4

What can be measured to investigate enzyme action?

Answer 4

• How fast a product is produced and how fast a substrate is used up

Question 5

How do you calculate the rate of reaction from a graph?

Answer 5

By dividing the rise by the run (Gradient = Rise / Run)

Question 6

What happens to enzymes as temperature increases?

Answer 6

• The rate of reaction increases due to (more frequent and successful collisions) IMPORTANT

Question 7

What is the Locke and Key Model

Answer 7

Where an substrate bind specifically to it’s active site, creating an enzyme, the substrate is used up and the products form.

Question 8

Why do enzymes only catalyze specific reactions?

Answer 8

The specificity of enzymes - Substrate must fit to active site.

Question 9

What is denaturation in the context of enzymes?

Answer 9

• A process where high temperatures or extreme pH levels alter the enzyme’s active site (by defecting the shape of the substrate), making it nonfunctional

Question 10

How does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity?

Answer 10

• Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction until all active sites are occupied, then it plateaus (is used up and.. (levels off on the graph))

Question 11

What are the limiting factors of an enzyme and what are the optimums?

Answer 11

Ph and Temperature (Ph 7, although not always, and 37 degrees c)

Question 12

What is a genome?

Answer 12

Entire genetic code of an organism

Question 13

What is the DNA?

Answer 13

Double helix polymer - Stores genetic information

Question 14

What is a gene?

Answer 14

Section of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 15

What is a genotype and a phenotype?

Answer 15

Genotype - Genetic Makeup of an organism
Phenotype - Observable Characteristics

Question 16

What is the practice for investigating the effects of enzymes?

Answer 16

Amylase and Starch in test tube
Every 10 seconds, take a sample in a spot tray
Add iodine.
When the substance becomes a lighter colour (normally orange instead of dark purple), the starch is no longer present.

Amylase breaks down the starch in Glucose.