what causes it>? Flashcards
myocardial infarction
risk factors
Age (M>45, W>55)
Smoking
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Obesity, diabetes
Family history
myocardial infarction aetiology
atherosclerotic plaque caused by coronary artery disease
ruptures and forms a blood clot which can block the coronary artery
Angina risk factors
unhealthy eating/ obesity
age
smoking
cholesterol
hypertension
diabetes
Angina aetiology
coronary artery disease causes atherosclerotic plaques
these cause reduced blood flow which is excacerbated in times of high oxygen demand e.g. excercise
Atrial fibrilation
risk factors
Age
Genetics
Coronary atery disease
MI
Hypertension
Thyroid disease
Family History
Atrial fibrilation
aetiology
abnormal electrical signals in the atria overwhelm the normal signals from the SA node and cause the ventricles to beat irregularly and chaotically
Essential Hypertension
risk factors
Age
Race (african>)
Family History
Overweight, sedentary
smoking
alcohol
salty diet
DVT
risk factors
Age
Sitting/ lying for long periods of time e.g. long flight, hospital
pregnancy, overweight
oral contraceptives
smoking
hypertension
Left Ventricular Failure
aetiology
ventricles become stiff and dont fill properly/ can’t pump fully
so the heart can’t pump enough blood through the body
Left Ventricular Failure
causes
coronary artery disease/ heart attack: low blood supply to the heart muscles mean they can’t pump properly
High blood pressure: high blood pressure causes the heart to work harder which causes the muscles to stiffen
Faulty heart valves: damaged valves force the heart to work harder as above
Congestive cardiac failure
as left ventricular heart failure:
coronary artery disease/ heart attack: low blood supply to the heart muscles mean they can’t pump properly
High blood pressure: high blood pressure causes the heart to work harder which causes the muscles to stiffen
Faulty heart valves: damaged valves force the heart to work harder as above
