WHAP Quarter 4

Question 1

A type of war where all resources are used by the government to win because it would be catastrophic if they lose; encompasses everything that is going on. These wars were escalated because industrialization provided a lot more resources, technology, and weaponry.

Answer 1

Total War

Question 2

Information or imagery used to endorse political views or parties to legitimize them and gain support

Answer 2

Propoganda

Question 3

A conflict between Russia and Japanese during 1904-1905 over territory in China. Russia is defeated by Japan because of their strong industrialized navy and Russia’s lack thereof. Japan annexes Korea because of their victory.

Answer 3

Russo-Japanese War

Question 4

The first Russian revolution (January 1905). There was unrest in the general population because of the Tsar and nobility having too much power and the lower classes not having good economic conditions. Tsar Nicholas II attempted to slow down the unrest via the October Manifesto and implementation of the Duma.

Answer 4

Russian Revolution of 1905

Question 5

An assembly and semi-representative body in Russia from 1906 to 1917. It was created by Tsar Nicholas II to give the people some say in the government, but since the assembly only really represented wealthy landowners, only a fraction of the total population was actually taking part.

The ____ was created as part of the October Manifesto which was signed by Nicholas II and promised to create a constitution and protect the rights of the people. He only really did this to end the social unrest and uprisings that occurred in Russia during this time.

Later on he weakened the _____ because they were to radical and went against the Nicholas II. Although a constitutional monarchy, it was clear that the Tsar still had a lot of power.

Answer 5

Duma

Question 6

Leader of the Bolshevik Party, leads the Russian Revolution of 1917 to replace the Tsar government with a communist one, resulting in the birth of the USSR.

Answer 6

Vladimir Lenin

Question 7

After Nicholas II stepped down from power, this government was formed in order to temporarily rule over the Russian people. During its rule, it was very unpopular because it commits to fighting in WW1 because it believes Russia needs to keep its allies. There is no form of constitution in place. This government is replaced with the Soviet government.

Answer 7

Provisional Government

Question 8

A revolution led by Vladimir Lenin where the Bolsheviks take over Russia. Results in the birth of the USSR.

The Second Revolution in Russia where local councils/governments were formed. There were 3 promises for when the Soviets did take over:

Peace, where they would leave WW1 immediately. They do end up doing this and break the alliance with British and France and are not compensated by the Treaty of Versailles.

Land, where instead of adhering to capitalist methods and having landowners, they would break up land and follow more socialist/communist ideologies.

Bread, the promise of food.

Answer 8

October Revolution, 1917

Question 9

Revolution in Mexico that happened roughly from 1910-1920. Causes include political (weak regime and external forces), economic (economy depended on exports), social (most workers worked on Hacienda systems with little pay, no middle class existed).

Porfirio Diaz is the president/dictator and makes lots of economic changes and stays in power for over 35 years. Francisco Madero is an opponent to Diaz and wants to end his regime. Diaz rigs the election and puts him in prison.

After Diaz is knocked out of power by Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and the peasants of the country and Madero dies, Victoriano Huerta is put into power and wants to create a centralized dictatorship. He is put out of power again because they don’t want another dictatorship.

Alvaro Obregon is put in power in 1915 and ends the cycle of dictatorship. A constitution is created for Mexico and many changes economically, socially, and politically happened afterwards.

Answer 9

Mexican Revolution

Question 10

Considered heroes in the Mexican Revolution.

_________ was a revolutionary who took down Diaz and Victoriano Huerta from power. He led the vast numbers of peasants in the revolution in south-central Mexico to help them gain land by redistributing the massive amounts that wealthy landowners had. This was partially successful went the post-revolution government of Mexico adopted some Marxist ideas regarding land.

__________ fought with the person mentioned above and led calvary in the Mexican revolution. Former bandit who led farmers, railroaders, and cowboys. Sided with Francisco Madero to take down Diaz.

Answer 10

Emiliano Zapata/Pancho Villa

Question 11

This ended the Mexican Revolution. Some things that it guaranteed:

• land reform (to help peasants)
• less interference from foreigners regarding resources (to help the economy)
• rights for workers (to help the workers, especially those who still did labor in the Hacienda system)

Answer 11

Constitution of 1917

Question 12

Could be referring to:

1) citizen of the Soviet Union
2) local councils/governments that provided authority at a smaller scale. A revolutionary system put in pace after the Bolsheviks took over in the October Revolution of 1917 which resulted in the birth of the USSR.

Answer 12

soviets

Question 13

Women who were guerrilla fighters in the Mexican Revolution.

Answer 13

Soldaderas

Question 14

Google:

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Context of WW1:

• Used to promote men to join the army
• Said the role of women was to stay home and take care of the family, sometimes take over the men’s job
• Women to persuade men to go to war
• Paint the enemies in a bad light

Answer 14

Propaganda

Question 15

New aquatic warfare used in WW1. Shows how industrialization effected wars and allowed for new technology to be created to fight.

Answer 15

Submarines

Question 16

A new form of warfare that emerged in WW1 where both sides in a battle would fight in trenches to avoid artillery from the opposing side.

Answer 16

Trench warfare

Question 17

Supposedly important guy that gets assassinated by a Siberian nationalist terrorist group that wants to separate itself form the Austria-Hungary Empire, the Black Hand, which sparks a chain of conflicts due to an interconnected Europe (ex. Austria-Hungary gains supports from Germany because of an alliance, Serbia gets support from Russia because they are Slavs).

Answer 17

Franz Ferdinand

Question 18

Treaty that end World War 1. It favors Britain, France, and Japan in compensation and neglects the USA, Russia (because they back out of the war in their Communist takeover), China, and Italy. It diminishes the German government and limits its military and puts the country into debt. It’s made to humiliate. It also breaks up Europe once again because it doesn’t want nationalist issues to pop up. It does this by breaking up multinational empire like Russia, and so successor states are formed. Some historians believe it is the main cause of WW2.

Answer 18

Treaty of Versailles

Question 19

Countries that form after the Treat of Versailles breaks up multinational empires who were either in the Central Powers or were Russia to avoid nationalist tensions.

Austria-Hungary empire was broken up into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, etc.

Germany was split into Poland and Lithuania.

Russia split into Finland, Estonia, and Latvia

The Ottoman Empire split into Turkey, Iraq, Iran, etc.

Answer 19

Successor States

Question 20

Kinda like a precursor to the UN. Made to create a space for peaceful negotiations when conflicts started instead of going straight into war (cause they saw what happened in WW1). It also legitimizes colonies of imperial powers and does so via a Mandate system. It ends up failing cause we now know WW2 ended up happening anyways.

Answer 20

League of Nations

Question 21

An admittedly stupid system put in place by the League of Nations ignorer to legitimize the ownership of colonies by imperial countries. It states clearly who owns what and is meant to reduce conflicts between colony owners/multinational empires, but they make new borders which still ends up causing conflicts later on (and to this day).

Don’t draw borders. It doesn’t work.

Answer 21

Mandate System

Question 22

A party in India that advocates for independence. Its reasoning is that it send over 1 million Indians to serve in World War 2 for the British Army so it deserves at least some level of independence or autonomy.

Many of its members are educated (from Britain and wealthy). A prominent member is Mahatma Gandhi.

Answer 22

Indian National Congress Party

Question 23

Form of peaceful protest where instead of buying salt from Britain and getting taxed, Mahatma leads Indian nationalists and walks 240 miles to get salt from the ocean instead to not give into British imperialism.

Really hurts imperialism because imperialism requires foreign markets

Answer 23

Salt March of 1930

Question 24

When China is hit hard by the Treat of Versailles, educated people in China felt betrayed by the people int he west and started a movement. These movements morphs into the Chinese Communist Parties (because they see what happens Russia). The movement is led by Mao Zedong.

China wants to be well compromised from WW1 like the Japanese were.

Answer 24

May Fourth Movement

Question 25

War in China where the Nationalists (Eastern Urban Areas) and the Communists (in the West rural areas) fought to create a new government. Ultimately the communists end up winning.

Answer 25

Chinese Civil War

Question 26

International movement to give women the right to vote and more freedom in general after their role in WW1. `Australia, Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Russia

UK, Sweden, Ecuador, etc. later

Answer 26

Women’s suffrage

Question 27

The old German government gets replaced with this government. In this government there are tensions between fascists and communists, alongside huge economic problems like hyper-inflation due to the effects of of WW1.

Answer 27

Weimar Republic

Question 28

Worldwide event where practically all countries become poorer due to some extent. There are huge unemployment rates, deflation occurs (which is bad for debtors), money increase in value, businesses are destroyed, banks start failing, and the economy is in flames.

During this time all governments become involved in the economy to deal with this event and no country maintains Laissez Faire policies during this era.

Answer 28

Great Depression

Question 29

Plans implemented in the Soviet Economy during the Great Depression and in China during the Great Leap Forward to revitalize the economy.

In the Soviet Union, a new economy is implement where the country aims to become more industrialized to catch up with foreign states and create more weapons for the country, break away from traditional agricultural traditions, runs large farms with hundreds of families as opposed to an individual landlord (communism).

Some of it fails and famines happen.

Answer 29

Five-Year Plans

Question 30

The U.S response to the Great Depression. Implemented by Franklin D. Roosevelt where the United States has intense involvement in the economy and comes up with social security, which protects the elderly from the effects of the Great Depression. The plan guaranteed:

relief (for the unemployed)
recovery (of the economy through federal spending and job creation), and
reform (of capitalism, by means of regulatory legislation and the creation of new social welfare programs).

Answer 30

New Deal

Question 31

The battles in WW2 that was going on in the Pacific Ocean between the United States Navy and the Japanese Army.

The United Kingdom (British Pacific Fleet), New Zealand, Australia, Canada and other Allied nations also contributed forces.

The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor to stop the US in interfering with its plan to imperialize and take over existing colonies in the Pacific for itself like in Southeast Asia. The US joined the war anyways.

Answer 31

Pacific Theater

Question 32

The governmental control of all aspects of its citizens including economy, culture, and religion. Different from absolutism because it can effect culture among people and does not get legitimacy from religion.

Answer 32

Totalitarian

Question 33

The WW2 fight in Europe which consisted of Germany and Italy vs the Allies (Britain, France, etc.). It started with Germany’s invasion of Poland and ended with Germany’s surrender in 1945.

Answer 33

European Theater

Question 34

The beginning of the end of World War 2.

The largest land and sea attack in history. British, Canadian, and American soldiers land in the coasts of Northern France and take huge losses. However, they end up pushing into France and taking control. Turns the tides of the war in Europe.

Answer 34

D-Day

Question 35

The 3 big allies meet at the tailend of World War 2: Britain (Winston Churchill), US (Roosevelt), and Russia (Stalin). Here they decide to split Germany for the Allies (West) and the Soviets (East). Poland loses some territory for the USSR, and German leaders and political figures are charged in the Namenburg trials. Results in the creation of the UN as well.

Answer 35

Yalta Conference

Question 36

FDR and Churchill discussed a plan to end major wars in 1941 by setting goals for a post-war world. It declared that there would be no territorial gain, it was the right of the people to determine what government they wanted to belong in, and colonies generally could have independence for being involved in the wars (India and Philippines). Colonial powers didn’t want to give up their colonies, however.

Answer 36

Atlantic Charter

Question 37

an action carried out during the conduct of a war that violates accepted international rules of war.

Answer 37

War Crime

Question 38

a deliberate act, typically as part of a systematic campaign, that causes human suffering or death on a large scale.

Answer 38

Crime against humanity

Question 39

the deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group

Answer 39

Genocide

Question 40

Deportation and mass killing of Armenian people by the Young Turk government in WW1 because they wanted to get rid of and kill the Armenian people (genocide). This is because the Turkish government thought the enemies would tell the Armenians to attack, so they ruthlessly deported them,

Answer 40

Armenian Genocide

Question 41

The Japanese Imperial Army began its seizure of Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China. Japanese troops killed remnant Chinese soldiers in violation of the laws of war, murdered Chinese civilians, raped Chinese women, and destroyed or stole Chinese property. Happened immediately after the Battle of Nanking in the Second Sino-Chinese War.

Answer 41

Nanking, Dec. 1937 – Jan. 1938

Question 42

A period of time where the Nazis attempt to get systematically exterminate all Jewish people by putting them in concentration camps and killing them. Death at an unfathomable scale.

Answer 42

Holocaust

Question 43

Soviet control of Eastern European countries. This includes East Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary. Only communism was allowed in these counties and the economies of the countries in the Bloc were made to serve the Soviet Union. The 5-year-plans also happened in these countries so the Soviet Union could collect agriculture and production.

This was disastrous for some countries like in Ukraine. Ukraine had to give up so much agriculture that they had a famine.

Answer 43

Soviet Bloc

Question 44

Plan by the United States of America to keep European countries from switching over to communism.

This US offered billions in aid so countries would gain economic stability so that there would be no communism.

Western Europe was prominently capitalist.

Answer 44

Marshall Plan

Question 45

The plan to give military aid to countries threatened by communism to keep them from switching.

Answer 45

Truman Doctrine

Question 46

The first president of Ghana who replicated the ‘glory’ of the United States and Britain to create a successful country.

Answer 46

Kwame Nkrumah

Question 47

Proxy war in Korea. North Korea, with Soviet support, attempts to take over South Korea, sided by the US and its allies. They want to create single states, the UN eventually stops the conflicts.

Soviets sent explosives to NK and UN forced North Korea to Chinese border.

Answer 47

Korean War

Question 48

Algerian Liberation Front

An aggressive terrorist group that try to keep France out. Rises from France’s military failure and repression of Algerian Muslims.

Answer 48

FLN

Question 49

French people in Algeria. Catholics.

During their time in Algeria, they have racist tensions against the Muslims. They are kicked out after the Algerian War for Independence.

Answer 49

Pied-Noirs

Question 50

Organization of the Western European countries because they didn’t wanna get wrecked by the soviet bloc

Answer 50

NATO

Question 51

Alliance between the Soviet Countries to counter the whole NATO alliance thing.

Answer 51

Warsaw Pact

Question 52

Civil war with three sides. South Africa, US, USSR, and Cuba. Communist and capitalist tensions.

Initially a local conflict between parties in Angola on how to rule the new countries, the battle was born out of proportion after foreign involvement.

Answer 52

Angolan Civil War

Question 53

The two sides in the Contra war/Nicaragua Civil war. One side was communist and backed up by the Soviets, and the other was heavily backed up by the Contras.

Answer 53

Sandinistas-Contras

Question 54

Nationalist political party founded by Sun-Yat Sen based on democratic principles. Became more authoritarian and rivaled the communist party/

Answer 54

Guomindang

Question 55

A big factor that led to the fall of the Soviet Union.

A proxy war that lasted from 1979 to 1989. The Soviets want to help a new communist government to form in Afghanistan so they invade the country to aid the supporters of communism after they were falling apart.

There is a large Muslim resistance to the communist regime because the Soviets and communists are atheists. The Mujahideen try wage a “holy war” to drive them out. There is almost no support for the USSR in Afghanistan.

This war ends up being destructive for the Soviets. They spent a lot of effort in Afghanistan while also not achieving much.

The Mujahideen were trained by the US’ CIA and became the Taliban later, which means that the US had created its own enemy.

Answer 55

Soviet-Afghan War

Question 56

Mao Zedong was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and the founder of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Mao drew much of his support from the peasantry, something of a curiosity amongst Communist movements, as usually the greatest Communist support base is the industrial working class.

Answer 56

Mao Zedong

Question 57

A series of reforms by Gorbachev to restructure the political and economics systems of the USSR. It was an attempt to catch up with the United States after stagnating in progress, but eventually led to its downfall.

Answer 57

perestroika