WHAP Quarter 2 Bonus

Question 1

To make stronger or more solid, to unify an effective whole

Answer 1

Consolidate

Question 2

The ability for a government to accomplish its goals

Answer 2

State capacity

Question 3

To justify your rule to the public

Answer 3

Legitimize

Question 4

Mughal emperor in India who made the Mughal Empire traditionally Muslim, reinstating the jizya tax and decreasing its religious tolerance

Answer 4

Aurangzeb

Question 5

The prophet that the Twelvist Shi’a Muslims believe in

Answer 5

Hidden Imam

Question 6

Term used to describe religions which believe in a messiah which will come to save them one day

Answer 6

Messianic

Question 7

A branch of Shi’a Islam which is Messianic

Answer 7

Twelvers

Question 8

Elite soldiers of the Ottoman Empire, formed entirely of Christian boys who were abducted via the Devshirme

Answer 8

Janissaries

Question 9

A system in the Ottoman Empire in which young Christian boys were taken from the outskirts of the empire, brought to its center, and then trained and educated to become one of two things: trained soldiers or bureaucratic administrators

Answer 9

Devshirme

Question 10

Contractual slavery, a system in which indebted Europeans worked for rich Europeans for a set amount of time in order to pay off their debt. Afterwards, they were given land or money. NOT the main source of labor in the Americas, however

Answer 10

Indentured Servitude

Question 11

Europe had _________________ _________ for initiating contact with the Americas. This is because:

1) Europe had a lack of access to Indian Ocean luxury goods, they wanted their own access to this trade.
2) Increased naval technology such as the astrolabe and lateen sail led to easier ocean access and travel.

Answer 11

Structural Causes

Question 12

The selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church, allowing rich people to go to heaven without actually being pious. A common practice in Medieval Europe. One example of the Roman Catholic Church’s corruption

Answer 12

Indulgences

Question 13

Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. Began the Protestant Reformation

Answer 13

95 Theses

Question 14

The concept of borrowing as much money as possible to invest to gain more money back. The bills of exchange made this easier.

Answer 14

Leverage

Question 15

Warfare and exploration/expeditions were made possible via ________. An example of

Answer 15

Leverage

Question 16

Europe best documented this event and was hit hard. China might’ve suffered more, but it might’ve not been documented as well.

Answer 16

Black Death

Question 17

Liberal arts education is prioritized more and education and universities are expanded; knowledge in general is more appreciated

Answer 17

Individualism

Question 18

People just leave the ______ _______ ______ because it is corrupt and did not help them through the Black death.

Answer 18

Roman Catholic Church

Question 19

What were the structural causes to why Europe was bound to find the Americas first?

Answer 19

Geographically separated from the Indian Ocean Trade Network, geographically closer, gradual improvement of navigation technology (astrolabe, lateen sail, caravel, compass)

Question 20

A cause that have predictable reasons for an effect to happen; bound to happen and contingent

Answer 20

Structural Cause

Question 21

Describe connections in the Colombian exchange

Answer 21

Answers vary. Disease mostly goes from Europe to the Americas, staple foods traveled both directions (potatoes, cassava, and onion), and domesticated animals mostly go from Afroeurasia to the Americas (such as the horse)

Question 22

Provide examples of places in Afro-Eurasia benefiting from the increased diversity of American food crops

Answer 22

Answers vary. Cassava in Nigeria, Potatoes in Ireland (which they partially actually suffered from later one), and Maize (Corn) in China.

Question 23

Why was the Spanish Mit’a dangerous?

Answer 23

Silver Mining in mountains was very dangerous; mercury was usually found alongside Silver, which killed many Natives

Question 24

What type of labor filled the labor force need for the Spanish (and other colonial empires)

Answer 24

Chattel Slavery

Question 25

What was the social structure in the Americas in empires?

Answer 25

Racial Hierarchy

Question 26

What was the cultural development in the Americas?

Answer 26

Catholicism was imposed by the Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies onto the Natives. This was significant during the time of the Protestant Reformation because the Roman Catholic Church would have an advantage because it would be spreading the religion. A similar thing was done with the English and Dutch but with Protestant instead.

Question 27

New World syncretic faith that combines the animist faiths of West Africa with Christianity. Prominent with enslaved people in Haiti. Means “spirit”/”deity”

Answer 27

Vodun

Question 28

When did the US ban slave trade?

Answer 28

1808. By the late 1700’s slavery was not as politically accepted.

Question 29

What commodity that was grown and refined in Haiti experienced a shift from a luxury to an every day good?

Answer 29

Sugar

Question 30

What were the 4 trading commodities we discussed in class?

Answer 30

Spices, Sugar, Furs, and Silver

Question 31

What country made most of the world’s sugar before Haiti?

Answer 31

Brazil