WHAP Quarter 1 Flashcards
Belief that ethics is about fulfilling the obligations for those above and below you in the in the social hierarchy (ex. filial piety). It values education, ethnocentrism, conservatism, and patriarchy
Confucianism
Respect and obedience for those who are older than you in your family
Filial Piety
The belief to act naturally and value nature. “Wu wei”, a central belief of this religion, means “action through inaction”.
Taoism
Metaphysical idea of the natural order in the universe; literally translates to “the way”
Tao
Enlightened Buddhists who do not go to paradise in order to help others achieve nirvana
Bodhisattva
A massive chuck of land admitted to a high position of authority
Empire
The ruler of the Caliphate. Controls both political and religious power. Thought to be the descendant of Mohammed.
Caliph
The empire that dominated the Middle East during the 1000’s. Incredibly influential: instated the Jizya tax and contained the House of Wisdom. However, it started to dwindle in size by the 1200’s because it simply had too much land to look after.
Abbasids
Muslim dominated areas
Dar al-Islam
Located in Baghdad. The biggest university in the world at the time. Sparked the Translation Movement.
House of Wisdom
An effort in the House of Wisdom to translate Greek texts into Arabic to gain their knowledge.
Translation Movement
Lased from 960 to 1279. During its time created many innovations such as the compass, paper, and gunpowder. It was largely Confucianism, but also coexisted with Taoism and Buddhism.
Song Dyansty
explosive power. goes boom. used by the Song Dynasty to create fireworks, but also some weapons for combat
Gunpowder
Artificial waterways to connect cities and people. Very important in Song Dynasty for trade. The Grand Canal was the most prominent; connected many major cities.
Canals
A new strain of rice that caused massive population increase in Song Dynasty (it did not come from there, however). A great export too.
Champa Rice
The _________________ established the idea that a ruler must be just to keep the approval of the gods. It was believed that natural disasters, famines, and astrological signs were signals that the emperor and the dynasty were losing the ____________. Credit: PBS.
Mandate of Heaven
An exam administrated by the Song Dynasty to find the top (Confucian) geniuses.
Imperial Examination System
Exemplars of the exam takers of the Imperial Examination. They now work in a position of authority.
Shi
A part of the royal court; meant to be a fully loyal companion to the king
Courtier
A bureaucratic advisor to the king
Vizier
Web of interactions between the Arab World, North Africa, Sub-Saharan, and Persian Gulf. A big part of these trade routes was gold and salt. Islam could be spread via Muslim merchants and camels were used to travel across the large and scarce desert.
Trans-Saharan/Gold Salt Trade Routes
A strong empire in Western Africa; it had many Mosques and universities. It was a huge contributor for gold and salt. Since those resources were valued, the empire flourished. Timbuktu, the capital, was known as the intellectual center of the world after the fall of the House of Wisdom.
Mali Empire
The king of the Mali Empire. He was incredibly rich because of the empire’s wealth in gold. Fun fact: when he made is pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj), the places he stopped by would have so much gold dropped of that their whole economy would shift because of inflation.
Mansa Musa
Located in the Eastern coast of Africa. Attracted many Muslim merchants. Each city-state was governed by a king who would supervised trade. They spoke a Bantu-derived language.
Swahili city-states
A cultural phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. The Bantu people moved out of their central African homeland to look for more farmland. As they migrated South, their culture and language spread. It would mix with Arabic in the Eastern coast to create the Swahili language.
Bantu migrations
This state engaged trade with the Swahili people and boasted a stone enclosure protecting large stone buildings and structure. Although not much is known about them, they were most likely farmers. They raised cattle and mined gold and copper. The people also hunted for ivory. They would then trade these goods to the city-state Kilwa. Received goods from China, South Asia, and the Middle East.
Great Zimbabwe