WH terms Midterm Part 3 Flashcards
Mecca:
The holy city of Islam; has the Kaaba
Edict of Nantes:
Guaranteed religious freedom for French protestants; was revoked by Louis XIV
Czar:
Rulers in Russia; meant Caesar
Dictator:
A ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained power by force.
Monarch:
A sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor.
Dynasty:
Ruler passes from father to son, period of time when a certain family ruled it; Period of time where a nation is ruled by one family
Samurai:
Loyal warriors, and good at killing. Became the higher class. Lived by the Bushido code. Killed themselves if they were captured. Studied history, poetry, and religion.
Reincarnation:
Your soul is immortal;belief that when one dies, they are reincarnated in the next life
Isolationism:
Isolation from the outside world to preserve culture; restriction of foreign trade; performed by China and Japan
Divine right:
God established the ruler’s monarchy and gave them power to rule
Daimyo:
Lords of Japan; own castles and cities grew around them.
Westernization:
Process of bringing Western culture into a non-Western nation
Islam:
Religion that believes in the god Allah, Muhammad was the final prophet, in order to be saved you must follow the five pillars
Shintoism:
Religion; “The Way of the Gods”; belief = worship beautiful and beneficial things
Buddhism:
Contained the 4 Noble Truths that supposedly helped to get rid of suffering
Confucianism:
Is when we should have five good relationships of Father - Son, Elder - Younger Siblings, Husband - Wife, Friend - Friend, Individual - State. Created by Confucius who didn’t pass the the civil service. It is a way of life.
Medina:
The place that Muhammad fled to after he was chased from Mecca. The people of Medina followed Muhammad, and were his army.
Shi’a:
The branch of Islam that believed that the successor should be blood-related to Muhammad
Hinduism:
One of the oldest religions in the world. It is an indian religion
Protestantism:
Against the Catholic church; followers of Luther
Sunni:
Branch of Islam that wanted the successor to be the most educated in the Muslim faith
Koran:
The Islamic bible or sacred book of Islam/ The book was a recitation
Reason:
Systematic and logical thinking used to reach a conclusion
Third Estate:
Everyone but the clergy and nobility; are the poorest and the biggest group, forming around 97% of the French population.
Second Estate:
Second highest social class in France formed by the nobility
First Estate:
Highest social class in France made of the clergy in France.
Heliocentric:
Belief that earth revolves around the sun
Constitution:
Document that outlines how a republic will be governed.
Checks and Balances:
When branches of government check the other branches and influence their ways on the others
Social Contract:
When people trade their freedom for safety and security.
Enlightenment:
Time period where people see reason as the best way to understand truth; produced optimism
Federalism:
Type of government when you split in separate states and each state has 1 government and 1 national government for every state.
Geocentric:
Belief that sun revolves around sun; sun is center of universe
Scientific Method:
Steps taken when experimenting to find answers to many questions. The steps include stating the problem, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, gathering and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.
Separation of Power:
What Baron advertised; 3 part government
Reactionary:
Opposed progress and wanted conditions to return to those of an earlier time
Indemnities:
Payments to other countries to compensate for damages
Elba:
Small island near Italy to which Napoleon was exiled the first time
Nationalism:
Identity and unity as a people and pride in one’s country.
Coup d’etat:
It’s a forceful takeover utilized by Napoleon Bonaparte in order to take over French government only 10 years after the Revolution.
Scorched Earth:
The plan that the russians had of burning everything when they fled so that the French couldn’t use their supplies. By Czar Alexander I
Salon:
Social gatherings hosted by female nobles in Paris; to discuss ideas
