WH Semester 2 Final Flashcards
Feudalism
Rich people “own” the kings land in return for military service to the king
Middle Ages
The time period between 500-1500
Feudal system
Was based on mutual obligations
Manor
Lords estate
Tithes
Church tax
Serf
Landless people who worked the land they lived on
Canon law
Church law
Concordat of worms
Compromise between the nobles and the church
Simony
Positions in the church were sold by bishops
Richard the lion-hearted
English king who fought against Saladin
Inquisition
Was a tribunal held by the church to help suppress heresy
Reconquista
Was an effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain
Vernacular
Native language
Guild
An association of people who worked the same job
Magna Carta
King John is forced to sign it, gave certain political rights
Crusade
Holy war on the holy land
Holy Roman Empire
The strongest of the three empires created after Charlemagne’s death
Muslim
Followers of Islam
95 theses
Written by Martin Luther - provoked the Protestant reform
Great Schism
Division in the Roman Catholic Church
Bubonic plague
Kills 1/3 of Europes population
Hundred Years’ War
A war fought between France and England in 1337 - 1453
Joan of Arc
A French peasant teenage girl who felt by god to rescue France from its English control
Renaissance
Means rebirth 1300 - 1600
Leonardo Da Vinci
Painter, sculptor, mentor, and scientist.
Painted the ‘Mona Lisa’ and ‘The Last Supper’
Michelangelo
Glorified the human body was a sculptor and a painter
Painted the Sistine chapel and sculpted the Statue of David
Reformation
A movement for religious reform
Henry the VIII
British king who created the Church of England so he could divorce his wife.
Elizabeth I
1558 - 1603
Restored the Protestant church to England
What was enlightenment?
New ideas about power and government spread through Europe (people became more aware)
Nationalism
Strong feelings and loyalty to one’s country
Divine right
The right given to Kings/ Queens by God to rule
Charles the second
King of Great Britain and Ireland
1660 - 1685
Absolute Monarch
Where one specific person holds ALL the power
James 1
Cemented the Church of England as Englands official religion
English common law
A court trial with a jury (wasn’t always very fair)
Siege of Orleans
Won by Joan of Arc, turning point in the 100 years war.
Karl Marx
German philosopher
Cowrote the Communist Manifesto
Imperialism
Extending power/ land through military power and wars
English bill of rights
Limit the power of the monarchy, gave citizens more rights
Reasons for WWI
Nationalism
Imperialism
Militarism
Alliances
Militarism
Begin to build up armies — arms race
The powder keg of Europe
Crisis in the balkans, ethnic groups wanted their own country
Zimmermann note
Telegram sent to Mexico to get them to join the triple alliance and distract the US
Armistice
An agreement to stop fighting
Woodrow Wilson
The 28th president of the US, in office during WW1 he wrote the “Fourteen Points”
Fourteen points
New rules to avoid anymore world wars and revolutions
Great Depression
(1929 - 1941)
Is a long business slump
Munich conference
Was help on September 29, 1938.
It was a conference between England and Germany
Herbert Hoover
US president blamed for the depression
FDR
(Franklin Roosevelt) Next president, implemented his ‘New Deal program’.
Mussolini
Become the dictator of Italy, starts a fascist government
Adolf Hitler
Become the dictator of Germany and starts the Nazi party there
Japan
Multiple islands of the cost of China and Korea.
At the time they were a democracy.
Hirohoto
Emperor of Japan during WW1
Hideki Tojo
Military leader of Japan
Haile Selassie
Was emperors of Ethiopia during WW1
Appeasement
Giving in to the aggressor
Rhineland
France and England let Hitler have the land as long as he agrees to not take any more
Axis powers
An alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy.
Francisco Franco
Started a fascist government in Spain
Neville Chamberlain
Prime minister of Great Britain and responsible for the Munich conference
Winston Churchill
Disagreed with Chamberlain, will later become prime minister of England.
Nonaggression pact
And agreement between the USSR and Germany to not fight each other
