Wet Brain Things To Know Flashcards
What does the anterior cerebral artery distribute to?
cingulate gyrus
hip, thigh, leg area of motor and sensory cortex (medially)
What does the middle cerebral artery distribute to?
face, trunk, upper limb areas of sensory and motor cortex
speech areas in left hemisphere *Broca’s and Wernicke’s
What does the posterior cerebral artery distribute to?
primary visual cortex
hippocampus *bit of temporal lobe
What are the small branches off of the middle cerebral artery that are frequently involved in vascular accidents *often referred to as the arteries of stroke, supply deeper core structures of brain
lenticulostriate arteries
Damage to Wernicke’s area (posterior temporal lobe) causes what pathology?
receptive aphasia
An embolus in what artery would cause a lesion in Wernicke’s area?
middle cerebral
What is communicating hydrocephalus? What is non-communicating hydrocephalus?
communicating: when flow of CSF is blocked after it exits the ventricles, so it is still capable of flowing thru the ventricles;
noncommunicating: when flow of CSF is blocked within the ventricular system (i.e. stenosis of cerebral aqueduct impairing flow to 4th ventricle)
Retro-lenticular radiations are also called (blank) radiations
optic
What does nucleus accumbens connect?
caudate + putamen
This divides the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe below
sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus)
What nucleus does the cerebrocerebellum project to?
dentate nucleus
In the midbrain, what is unique about the blood flow to the cerebral peduncle?
The cerebral peduncle has both medial and lateral blood supply, so if there is a problem w the basilar artery (medial), you may lose your corticobulbars, but spare corticospinal fibers that are more lateral
Damage to the dorsal columns/medial lemniscus would lead to (blank) deficits up to the gracile/cuneate nuclei, but (blank) deficits the rest of the way up through the thalamus and to the cortex
ipsilateral; contralateral
Where is ALS located as you traverse the brainstem?
remains in a lateral position the entire way up the brainstem until it is “pushed out” by the medial lemniscus
Where are the cells of origin in the anterolateral system?
neurons in the contralateral dorsal horn
What does the ALS pathway do?
conveys pain and temp from the body to cortex
Lesions in ALS cause (blank) deficits in pain and temp from the body
contralateral
Axons in ALS pass rostrally through the brainstem to reach the (blank) of the thalamus before projecting to the somatosensory cortex
VPL
What does the dorsal columns/medial lemniscus pathway carry?
TVP from body to cortex
Where do neurons in the gracile fasciculus originate?
in dorsal root ganglia below T6
Where do neurons in the cuneate fasciculus originate?
in dorsal root ganglia from T6 and above
Axons arising from the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus pass ventrally as (blank) fibers, cross, and form the medial lemniscus. The medial lemniscus is therefore carrying fibers from the (blank) side of the body.
internal arcuate; contralateral
The medial lemniscus pathway terminates in the (blank) of the thalamus
VPL
What is the corticospinal pathway involved in?
voluntary control of contralateral arm, trunk, leg
Where does the corticospinal tract arise?
from several areas in the cerebral cortex, specifically the motor cortex
How do the corticospinal fibers travel from cortex to spinal cord?
traverse the internal capsule –> cerebral peduncle of midbrain –> basilar pons and pyramid of medulla –> decussate and enter lateral corticospinal tract
What side of the body do lesions to the corticospinal tract affect?
if rostral to pyramidal decussation = contralateral motor deficits;
if caudal to pyramidal decussation = ipsilateral
If vascular injury occurred to the anterior spinal artery in the medulla, what symptoms would you expect?
alternating hemiplegia: ipsi LMN syndrome w tongue (nucleus of 12) and conta UPN syndrome body (corticospinals)
contralateral loss of TVP (medial lemniscus)
Alternating hemiplegia is most likely to occur w damage to which cranial nerves?
CN 3, 6, 12
If vascular injury occurred to the vertebral artery in the medulla, what symptoms would you expect?
loss of ALS: contralateral loss of pain and temp
contralateral incoordination
nucleus ambiguus: ipsilateral problems w swallowing
If vascular injury occurred to PICA in the medulla, what symptoms would you expect?
Spinal 5: ipsi loss of pain and temp from face
cochlear and vestibular nuclei: ipsi loss of hearing
balance and nystagmus deficits
The pons is mostly supplied by what artery?
basilar
If there is damage to the corticospinals in the pons, will this produce ipsilateral or contralateral deficits?
CONTRALATERAL because it is above the decussation of this tract which occurs in the medulla
In the midbrain, damage to what nucleus/nerve could cause alternating hemiplegia?
occulumotor nerve
At what brainstem level do most fibers enter TTT?
in the pons (from chief sensory of spinal 5)
The inferior salivatory nucleus is involved w which gland?
parotid gland
*associated w CN 9
Where is the last place that you can get one-sided deafness?
cochlear nuclei
What lies next to the facial motor nucleus in the pons?
spinal nucleus and tract of 5
*superior olive more medial to facial nucleus
