Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 5 Week 5 Meg > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What are the determinants of sleepiness?

A 
duration of prior wakefulness
circadian
aging
drugs
sleep disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s this?
linked to sun
affects most living creatures
occurs even when isolated from time cues

A

circadian rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Disruptions of circadiam rhythm is associated with (blank) and shortens life

A

tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Things contributing to circadian rhythm

A 
wake/sleep
hormonal
temperature
immune
drug metabolism
renal function
airway function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What % of pts presenting to primary care physicians report sleeping probs?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many non-REM stages of sleep are there? How many REM stages? What is the order? How often does it repeat?

A

4 non-REM; 1 REM
1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, REM
repeats every 80-100mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of sleep is this?
dreaming
inhibition of muscular activity

A

REM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of sleep is this?
restorative sleep
disinhibition of muscular activity
parasomnias

A

stage 3 and 4

SLOW WAVE SLEEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to periods of REM sleep across the night?

A

they become longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does slow wave sleep typically occur? When does REM sleep typically occur?

A

during the earlier portions of the night; REM sleep in the last 1/3 of the night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what sleep stage do we spend most of our time? How much time is spent in REM sleep?

A

50% of time in stage 2

25% of time in REM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

As we age, what are some changes to our sleep?

A 
Just think: overall, bad changes
increased light/transitional sleep
reduced slow wave sleep
reduced sleep time
increased awakenings
decreased REM
reduced sleep efficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the chief complaints of pts concerning sleep?

A 
fatigue
trouble sleeping
poor sleep quality
not enough sleep
abnormal behaviors while sleeping
snoring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is it important to take a sleep history?

A

sleep disorders are underdiagnosed

*sleeping probs are one of the most common problems presented to PCPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What leads to more car accidents, sleep apnea or insomnia?

A

insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s this?
Difficulty initiating, maintaining, or non - restorative sleep
Most common sleep disorder

A

insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What % of American adults experience insomnia during a 1yr period

A

30-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s this?
Difficulty falling asleep
Longer time to sleep onset

A

sleep onset insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s this?
Difficulty staying asleep
Frequent nocturnal awakenings

A

sleep maintenance insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What’s this?

Waking too early in the morning

A

sleep offset or late insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What’s this?

Fatigue despite adequate sleep duration

A

nonrestorative sleep

22
Q

What are some things that can lead to transient/episodic insomnia?

A

acute illness
jet lag
shift change

23
Q

What defines the time limit for short-term insomnia? What are some things that can lead to short-term insomnia?

A

few days - 3 weeks;
major life event
substance abuse

24
Q

What time span defines chronic insomnia? What are some things that can lead to chronic insomnia?

A

> 3 weeks;

chronic illness, psychiatric illness

25
Q

Total annual cost of insomnia?

A

$30-107 billion

26
Q

What is the most common treatment approach to insomnia?

A

medication

27
Q

Is medication effective for chronic insomnia?

A

NO, tolerance and dependency may develop, as well as withdrawal and relapse
**despite these effects, still commonly used

28
Q

What can these factors lead to:
Circadian dysregulation
The arousal system working too well at the wrong time, and
Sleep-incompatible conditioning to interfere with wake->sleep transition
Sleep fragmentations

A

chronic insomnia

29
Q

What is the first step to getting “sleep organized?”

A

anchoring the body clock

*wake up each day at the same time, even on weekends

30
Q

What are some non-pharm strategies to better sleep?

A

promote sleep hygiene
stimulus control *correlate bed w sleep only
sleep restriction *limit time in bed
relaxation training
cognitive therapy *address thoughts that interfere w sleep
CBT

31
Q

What are these components of?

  • reduce arousal (eliminate stimulants, exercise, create sleep conducive environment, avoid clock watching)
  • regulate sleep and circadian rhythm
A

proper sleep hygiene

32
Q 
What are these?
Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)
Tense release exercises
Passive muscle relaxation
Body scan
Imagery
Meditation (Mindfulness)
Biofeedback
Diaphragmatic Breathing
Slow, deep breathing
A

relaxation techniques

33
Q 
What are these?
wind down time before bed
review to do lists and set plans for tomorrow
schedule worry time
stress management
A

other methods to reduce arousal

34
Q

What’s this?
Wake up at the same time (including weekends). Set alarm.
Go to bed only when sleepy
Use bed only for sleep and sex.
Get out of bed when unable to fall asleep
Avoid daytime napping

A

stimulus control

35
Q 
What are these?
Erratic, variable schedule
Lack of consistent time cue anchors
Get up time
Meal times
Routine
Sedentary
Shiftwork
Presence of “jet lag” symptoms
Sleep disturbance
Daytime fatigue or waves of sleepiness
Gastrointestinal distress
Tired muscles
Headaches
Reduced cognitive skills
Poor psychomotor coordination
Moodiness
General malaise
A

indicators of circadian dysregulation

36
Q

What’s this? Who is it more common in?
Pattern of delayed sleep onset and awakening times with an inability to fall asleep and awaken at a desired or conventionally acceptable earlier time

A

delayed sleep phase; more common in young adults

37
Q

What’s this? Who is it more common in?
Pattern of advance sleep onset and awakening times with an inability to remain awake or sleep until the desired or conventionally acceptable later sleep or wake time
More common in older adults

A

advanced sleep phase; more common in adults

38
Q

What’s this?
Morning light exposure for delayed sleep, to improve ease of falling asleep at beginning of night, and getting alert quicker in the morning
Evening light exposure for advanced sleep phase, to improve ability to stay up later and sleep continuation in the 2nd half of the night

A

light therapy

39
Q

What’s this?

Recurrent periods of irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep or napping occurring within the same day.

A

narcolepsy

40
Q

4 symptoms of narcolepsy?

A

excessive daytime sleepiness
cataplexy: sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions
sleep paralysis: inability to move at sleep onset or when awaken
hypnagogic hallucinations: REM sleep during wakefulness

41
Q

This is a structural/anatomical problem w physiological consequences. It is treated with CPAP or surgery, or else the person will continue to present w fatigue/sleepiness despite insomnia treatment.

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

42
Q

What scale is used to assess sleepiness? Pts w obstructive sleep apnea have a high score!

A

epworth sleepiness scale

43
Q

What’s this?
More common than central
Patient has recurrent obstruction of upper airway during sleep produces apnea (cessation of airflow for 10 seconds or more)
Risk factors include age, gender (more common in middle aged men and post-menopausal women), neck circumference, and structural abnormalities

A

obstructive sleep apnea

44
Q

What’s this?
Symptoms include insomnia, mild or absent snoring, no obstruction, but absence of venilatory effort = cessation of airflow

A

central sleep apnea

45
Q

Risk factors for OSA?

A 
age
gender
*middle aged man and post-menopausal woman at high risk
neck circumference 
*obese pt at high risk
structural abnormalities
46
Q

What’s this?
Sleep disorders characterized by abnormal behavioral or physiological events which occur during sleep or during sleep-wake transitions
Typically do not cause insomnia or excessive sleepiness (i.e., sleepwalking)

A

parasomnias

47
Q

What’s this?
terrifying dreams occurs during REM
More often during the 2nd half of night closer to morning
Common in children and decrease with age

A

nightmares

48
Q

What’s this?
confused arousals, person may cry out
Occur during slow wave sleep, More often in the first half of the night
Unlike nightmares often do not remember
Common in children under 10 years old, often disappear with age

A

night terror

49
Q

Disturbed sleep is one of the most common complaints of patients with (blank) disorders
Sleep disturbance is a diagnostic criteria of (blank) disorders and anxiety disorders.

A

mood; mood

50
Q

When should you refer a pt w sleep problems?

A

those w suspected sleep apnea and narcolepsy for sure

51
Q

You should refer patients with insomnia for non-medication treatment, including (blank)

A

CBT

Block 5 Week 5 Meg (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions