McHugh: Dementia

Question 1

What is the prevalence of senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type?

Answer 1

65-69 yrs 2%

85+ yrs 40%

Question 2

What’s this: a syndrome of acquired, persistent intellectual impairment due to brain dysfunction

Answer 2

dementia

Question 3

T/F: Dementia implies impairment in 3 or more of the following domains:
Memory
Language
Perception
Praxis (knowing how to do things like brush teeth)
Calculations
Semantic knowledge
Executive functions
Personality
Emotional expression of awareness

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is this?
onset after 65
slowly progressive decline in recent memory, language, visuospatial impairment, executive dysfunction

Answer 4

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 5

What’s this?
has a fluctuating course
dememtia followed by spontaneous parkinsonism
visual hallucinations and/or psychosis and neuroleptic sensitivity

Answer 5

dementia w lewy bodies

Question 6

What’s this?
abrupt cognitive loss and stepwise decline
infarts and/or vascular disease by imaging w focal neurological signs

Answer 6

vascular dementia

Question 7

What’s this?
onset before age 65
prominent impairment of behavior, social conduct, and judgement
early disturbance in language and progressive aphasia

Answer 7

frontotemporal dementia

Question 8

So what were 4 common dementia syndromes?

Answer 8

Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia w lewy bodies
Vascular dementia
Frontotemporal dementia

Question 9

T/F: Dementia causes a global loss of cognitive function all at once

Answer 9

False

Question 10

T/F: Dementia always impairs memory

Answer 10

False

Question 11

T/F: Dementia pts are usu aware that they have dementia and their associated deficits

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F: Dementia never primarily involves behavior

Answer 12

False

Question 13

T/F: Dementia is inevitable w aging

Answer 13

False

Question 14

T/F: Dementia can have an acute OR insidious onset

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the difference b/w mild cognitive impairment and dementia? In regards to memory loss, cognition, and activities of daily livin

Answer 15

Memory loss: both
Cognition: preserved in mild cognitive impairment, at least 2 cognitive domains impaired in dementia
ADLs: preserved in mild cognitive impairment, but diminished in dementia

Question 16

DELIRIUM is (blank) and can last hours to days and is more episodic. (blank) ranges from lethargic to agitated. It has prominent distractibility, impaired by (blank). Speech is (blank). Pts are often fearful and suspicious and there may be a postural tremor, myoclonus, or asterixis

Answer 16

acute; arousal; inattention; dysarthric

Question 17

DEMENTIA has a more (blank) onset and lasts months to years. The disease does not fluctuate typically and is usually (blank). Arousal and attention are (blank). Memory is abnormal by (blank). Speech is (blank). Perception is normal or mildly abnormal. Pts are often apathetic and disinterested.

Answer 17

insidious; constant; normal; amnesia; dysnomic

Question 18

Normal aging is pretty much generalized slowing of intellectual and cognitive performance. (blank) is slower, but learned material is retained. Language, math, and visual-spatial ability is preserved. (blank) using shifting strategy is impaired, but experience aids.

Answer 18

learning; problem solving

Question 19

This test can distinguish the intellectual changes of dementia from those associated w delirium, normal aging, and other conditions. Can also tell you about the severity of the dementia.

Answer 19

mental status assessment

Question 20

(blank) is an important factor to consider when using the MMSE

Answer 20

education

Question 21

This test requires a 3 item recall and clock drawing

Answer 21

mini cog

Question 22

3 spheres of mental function

Answer 22

fundamental
instrumental
behavioral

Question 23

How to assess fundamental mental function?

Answer 23

arousal
attention
mental control

Question 24

How to assess instrumental mental function?

Answer 24

language
memory
perception
praxis
calculations
semantics
knowledge
executive functions

Question 25

How to assess behavioral mental function?

Answer 25

personality
social interactions
emotions

Question 26

How do you screen for arousal and attention?

Answer 26

response to physical or visual stimuli

Question 27

How do you screen for language?

Answer 27

object naming

category word list generation

Question 28

How to screen for memory?

Answer 28

orientation to time and place

word recall

Question 29

How to screen for perception and construction?

Answer 29

copy a cube

clock drawing

Question 30

How to screen for personality and emotion?

Answer 30

observe interpersonal conduct and behavior