McHugh: Dementia Flashcards
What is the prevalence of senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type?
65-69 yrs 2%
85+ yrs 40%
What’s this: a syndrome of acquired, persistent intellectual impairment due to brain dysfunction
dementia
T/F: Dementia implies impairment in 3 or more of the following domains: Memory Language Perception Praxis (knowing how to do things like brush teeth) Calculations Semantic knowledge Executive functions Personality Emotional expression of awareness
True
What is this?
onset after 65
slowly progressive decline in recent memory, language, visuospatial impairment, executive dysfunction
Alzheimer’s disease
What’s this?
has a fluctuating course
dememtia followed by spontaneous parkinsonism
visual hallucinations and/or psychosis and neuroleptic sensitivity
dementia w lewy bodies
What’s this?
abrupt cognitive loss and stepwise decline
infarts and/or vascular disease by imaging w focal neurological signs
vascular dementia
What’s this?
onset before age 65
prominent impairment of behavior, social conduct, and judgement
early disturbance in language and progressive aphasia
frontotemporal dementia
So what were 4 common dementia syndromes?
Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia w lewy bodies
Vascular dementia
Frontotemporal dementia
T/F: Dementia causes a global loss of cognitive function all at once
False
T/F: Dementia always impairs memory
False
T/F: Dementia pts are usu aware that they have dementia and their associated deficits
True
T/F: Dementia never primarily involves behavior
False
T/F: Dementia is inevitable w aging
False
T/F: Dementia can have an acute OR insidious onset
True
What is the difference b/w mild cognitive impairment and dementia? In regards to memory loss, cognition, and activities of daily livin
Memory loss: both
Cognition: preserved in mild cognitive impairment, at least 2 cognitive domains impaired in dementia
ADLs: preserved in mild cognitive impairment, but diminished in dementia
DELIRIUM is (blank) and can last hours to days and is more episodic. (blank) ranges from lethargic to agitated. It has prominent distractibility, impaired by (blank). Speech is (blank). Pts are often fearful and suspicious and there may be a postural tremor, myoclonus, or asterixis
acute; arousal; inattention; dysarthric
DEMENTIA has a more (blank) onset and lasts months to years. The disease does not fluctuate typically and is usually (blank). Arousal and attention are (blank). Memory is abnormal by (blank). Speech is (blank). Perception is normal or mildly abnormal. Pts are often apathetic and disinterested.
insidious; constant; normal; amnesia; dysnomic
Normal aging is pretty much generalized slowing of intellectual and cognitive performance. (blank) is slower, but learned material is retained. Language, math, and visual-spatial ability is preserved. (blank) using shifting strategy is impaired, but experience aids.
learning; problem solving
This test can distinguish the intellectual changes of dementia from those associated w delirium, normal aging, and other conditions. Can also tell you about the severity of the dementia.
mental status assessment
(blank) is an important factor to consider when using the MMSE
education
This test requires a 3 item recall and clock drawing
mini cog
3 spheres of mental function
fundamental
instrumental
behavioral
How to assess fundamental mental function?
arousal
attention
mental control
How to assess instrumental mental function?
language memory perception praxis calculations semantics knowledge executive functions
How to assess behavioral mental function?
personality
social interactions
emotions
How do you screen for arousal and attention?
response to physical or visual stimuli
How do you screen for language?
object naming
category word list generation
How to screen for memory?
orientation to time and place
word recall
How to screen for perception and construction?
copy a cube
clock drawing
How to screen for personality and emotion?
observe interpersonal conduct and behavior
