Westward Movement Flashcards
John Jacob Astor
Raced a boat and a trail party, water was faster, but Robert Stuart accidentally discovered Oregon Trail on the way to notify Astor of the sea win.
Donner Party
George Donner led the party
Took Lansford Hastings Cutoff (200 miles longer and through salt marsh desert)
Got to Truckee Lake (Sierra Nevada Mountains) when worst snowstorm in California history hit ( less than 100 miles away from safety at Sutter’s Fort)
Sent Forlorn Hope (15 people) to get help while rest of party waited at the lake. Got lost and resorted to cannibalism
Lake- a camp for winter and had to eat the dead to survive
46 of 87 survived. 2/3 of women and children survived, 2/3 of men
Caused decline in the Westward Movement
Now known as Donner Lake
Brigham Young
In Missouri, Joseph Smith was killed and Brigham Young becomes the new leader
Sam Houston
Led victory at San Jacinto on April 21, 1836
Joseph Smith
Founded Christian religion called the Mormons (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints)
Mexican War
Addition of Texas had America looking to CA
California Trail
Same as Oregon Trail until South Pass, goes towards California
John Sutter had fort near Sacramento, gold discovered at fort
1849 gold rush, 49ers
Samuel Slater
Brought blueprints from Britain and sparked Industrial Revolution
Native American Pacification
Colonial to 1830
Suppress or eliminate Indians with military force
Indian Removal Act
1830
Forced Indians west on Mississippi River
Trail of Tears
Trail of Tears
Ordered at gunpoint 800 miles Poor boats, spoiled food, cold, disease 100,000 moved and over 4000 killed By 1845, Indians not a problem (driven away) until Westward Movement
Indian Reservations
Indian Territory lands opened up to whites and Indians forced on to reservations
By 1880, nearly all either exterminated or on reservation
Allotment/Dawes Act of 1887
Reservations divided among Indian families
Didn’t understand- sold
By 1935, Indians lost 2/3 of land from 1887
Indian Reorganization Act
1934 Ended allotment Surplus land was given to tribes Government jobs Time Time not right for reform
Assimilate
The 1950s
Termination of reservations
Allotment in a different form
Fort Laramie
Largest trading post on the Oregon Trail
Extremely expensive
Independence Rock
People were there around Independence Day
Pioneers carved their names
Texas Independence Day
March 2, 1836
Mormons
Christian religion founded by Joseph Smith
Ran out of New York
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Go to Ohio, ran out
Go to Missouri, Smith assassinated, Brigham Young becomes new leader.
Mormon Trail
Mormon Trail went to the Great Salt Lake
In Utah area, Mormons wanted to become the state of Deseret, by 1896, enough non Mormons to become Utah