Unit 1 Test Flashcards
Prehistory
the period before writing was developed
Archaeology
the study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind them
Artifacts
tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings, and household items left behind by early people
Anthropology
the study of human life and culture
Fossil
a remnant or impression of an organism from a part geologic age that had been preserved in the earth’s crust
Radiocarbon Dating
a method of dating organic remains based on their content of carbon 14 (C-14)
Hominid
humans and other humanlike creatures that walk upright
Australopithecus
the earliest humanlike creature that flourished in eastern and southern Africa 3 to 4 million years ago
Homo sapiens sapiens
“wise, wise humans,” a species that appeared in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago; they were the first anatomically modern humans
Out of Africa Theory
also called the replacement theory; this theory refers to when homo sapien sapiens began spreading out of Africa to other parts of the world about 100,000 years ago and replacing populations of earlier hominids in Europe and Asia
Paleolithic Era
the early part of the Stone Age, when early human beings made chipped-stone tools, from 750,000 to 15,000 years ago (approximately 2,500,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE)
Neolithic Revolution
the latest period of the Stone Age, between about 8000 BCE and 4000 BCE, characterized by the development of systematic agriculture and the use of polished stone tools and weapons
Systematic Agriculture
the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis
Domestication
adaptation for human use
Mesolithic Age
the middle period of the Stone Age, between the Paleolithic and Neolithic
Irrigation
supplying water to agricultural land by artificial means
Surplus
food/goods produced that are extra (not needed for survival) and available to barter/sell
Elements of Civilization
cities and economy, government and armies, religion, social structure, writing, artistic and intellectual development
Barter Economy
trade goods for other goods WITHOUT money
Çatalhüyük
Neolithic town
Tell Yunasite
Bulgaria, on a tell (artificial hill)
Cuneiform
the Mesopotamian writing system (invented by Sumerians)
Slaves
captured in war or owed money, set free after 3 years
How many gods did they believe in?
7 gods
Sumerian kings
Ensis
Sumerians paid…
taxes
… were found in the Royal Tombs of Ur
Found gold, musical instruments, games, jewelry, daggers, and artwork
Grave of Queen Puabi
goes down about 60 feet, has lots of skeletons (people and animals), servants killed to bring to the afterlife, the queen was in a separate room, had food, offerings, chariot
Great Death Pit
People brought into the tomb and killed to accompany the ruler to the afterlife
The Standard of Ur
Found in grave
Next to the head of a man
Peace side- shows what happens after a war
○ Footlong, 9-10 inches tall
Standard
pole with a sign on top of it, two sides (peace side and war side), box, scenes, made of imported materials.
Tribute
a forced gift that defeated has to give the winner
Ziggurat
temple in the middle of a city
City-States
regions with kings in Mesopotamia (9 main city-states)
Akkadian King
Sargon
Akkads took over…
○ Took over Akkad and Sumer and created empire
○ Took over most of Mesopotamia
Enheduanna
Sargon’s daughter, made priestess of Ur, highly powerful, world first poet and songwriter
Naramsin
Sargon’s grandson, king for over 50 years, made himself a god, Gutium nomads attack empire and destroy everything then left
Stele
freestanding sculpture
Empire
control multiple places
Principles of Hammurabi’s Code
marriage and family laws, consumer protection, thats all i remember
