Civil War Test Flashcards by Katherine Oglesby

Causes of war (8)

Compromise of 1820/ Missouri Compromise
Compromise Tariff of 1833
Mexican War
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
Dred Scott Decision
Lincoln's Election

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What was the Compromise of 1820/ Missouri Compromise and why was it a cause?

Missouri wanted to be a Southern state but no state was ready to join the North
Compromise: Missouri was South state. Maine was a North state. 36˚ 30’ Line
Both still wanted to be on top

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What was the Compromise Tariff of 1833 and why was it a cause?

Compromise reached- remove tariffs on top 10 south imports, gradually lower tariffs on other things until basically gone in 10 years.
North was upset

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What was the Mexican War and why was it a cause?

1846-1848- a war where America gained Mexican Cession

North felt war only increased South power since most of the land gained was below 36° 30’.

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What was the Compromise of 1850 and why was it a cause?

Compromise: 
	CA was a North state. 
	Rest of Mexican Cession was South
	Fugitive Slave Law passed.
South upset because of lost senate power

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What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act and why was it a cause?

IL Senator Stephen A. Douglas introduced popular sovereignty- territories can vote on whether they want to be a free or slave state.
The state decided, not federal (federal vs. state power). (states will fight)

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What was Bleeding Kansas and why was it a cause?

2 rival govts (N and S)= chaos.

More violence & guerilla warfare

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What was the Dred Scott Decision and why was it a cause?

Scott was not a citizen= could not sue.
Since property (5th amend.), didn’t matter where the slave was taken.
Cong had no power to ban slavery.
Favored South

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What was Lincoln’s election and why was it a cause?

Every S state voted against him (he won)
S had no voice in govt (Pres & Cong were against them)……
Wanted power

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South war goal

Fight a defensive war until North tired of fighting

Establish Confederate independence

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North war goal

To restore the Union

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Bull Run/Manasses: goal, outcome, importance

Goal: Take the railroad into Richmond
Outcome: Southern victory
Importance: Realized that the war was going to be longer than they thought

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Antietam/Sharpsburg: goal, outcome, importance

Goal: Lee invade north, defeat McClellan, march on DC- peace, loss- blow to north morale, 1 more victory for Europe to recognize south
Outcome: Technically North won, but South almost did
Importance: Victory that Lincoln needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

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Gettysburg: goal, outcome, importance

Goal: Lee brought the fight to the North again to draw Grant from Vicksburg
Outcome: North won
Importance: 1st major battle the South lost

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Sherman’s March: goal, outcome, importance

Goal: Total war, split South, destroy Confederate supply lines, bring death and fear to the civilian population, show the world South is weak and near defeat
Outcome: Union troops destroyed Georgia and South Carolina
Importance: Broke Southern will to fight, many deserted to help family

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Petersburg: goal, outcome, importance

Goal: Capture Richmond
Outcome: North won
Importance: Northerners captured Richmond

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Appomattox Court House: goal, outcome, importance

Goal: Get Lee to surrender
Outcome: Lee surrendered, North won the war
Importance: War ends, Union restored

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Southern General

Robert E. Lee

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Northern Generals and why they were fired

Winfield Scott: out of shape
Irvin McDowell: lost Bull Run (outnumbered South 2 to 1)
George McClellan: too careful
John Pope: Lied to Lincoln
McClellan: too careful
Ambrose Burnside: 14 charges (Fredricksburg), cried in front of soldiers
Joseph Hooker: Didn't listen to cavalry
George Meade: Didn't pursue Lee
Ulysses S. Grant: NONE

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Emancipation Proclamation

Didn’t actually free any slaves
Didn't free slaves in border states
200,000 Africans join the army
Southern slaves sabotage South
England and France won't help South

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Draft Riots

Lincoln signs 1st draft law
Affects all men between 25 and 45, unless not able or a criminal
A drafted man may hire a sub or buy his way out for $300
Critics point to a loss of individual freedom

David Walker

African
An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
Inspired people to become abolitionists

Denmark Vesey

African
Wanted a revolution
(burn Charleston)
(boldness inspired other slaves)

Nat Turner

African
Rise up, kill master and family on all plantations
Killed 55 people before captured and hanged (most deadly)

Sojourner Truth

African Wanted to raise awareness, lectures, and talks Most famous speech: "Ain't I A Woman?"

Frederick Douglass

African North Star newspaper Convinced Lincoln to form 54th MA Regiment- 1st black troops in American history

Harriet Tubman

African | Helped people escape on Underground Railroad, helped 300 people, most ever

William Lloyd Garrison

White Published most read abolitionist newspaper- "The Liberator" Formed American Anti-Slavery Society- Raised money

Grimké Sisters

White Gave lectures about slavery Previous slaveholders (perspective)

Harriet Beecher Stowe

White Uncle Tom's Cabin Word to younger people

John Brown

White Helped start Bleeding Kansas Harper's Ferry- Slaves steal weapons from US Army warehouse (martyr)

Susan B. Anthony

Women's suffrage | Voted illegally dressed as a man, showed herself and got arrested

Emma Williard

Female high school | The 1st high school that taught math, science, etc. instead of sewing, knitting, etc.

Mary Lyon

1st college for girls (Mt. Holyoke)

Elizabeth Blackwell

1st female doctor | Formed 1st female medical school

Seneca Falls Convention

Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1848- the start of the women's movement Declaration of Sentiments- goals of the movement

Forward March

Command March forward saying, "Left *pause after putting left foot down so right foot can go*, Left *Pause again*, Left, Right, Left (continue)"

Regiments Halt

Command | After forward march, tells regiments to stop marching.

Regiments Front

Command Front This was the command where you would come out of regiments right and the soldiers would move so that more soldiers were facing the front than in the command regiments right. When this command was issued it was like 2,000 soldiers across. Usually, it was only used for marching into battle. This way when your marching into battle you look a lot more intimidating

Regiments Right

Command Columns Soldiers had to march about 100 miles to get to the battlefield. Since you couldn't march through towns with like 2,000 soldiers across you went into this position called columns where there were a lot fewer people in the front. This way it was easier to navigate the streets Always stood shoulder to shoulder. This way it made sure the enemy couldn't move through your lines and start shooting from behind you

Abner Doubleday

Thought to be the inventor of baseball (not true)

Alexander Jay Cartwright

The inventor of modern baseball rules

Matthew Brady

Main war photographer

Dixie

Southern unofficial anthem | All about the South

Bonnie Blue Flag

About the states that seceded

John Brown's Body

Northern song

Battle Hymn of the Republic

"Remix" of John Brown's Body by Julia Ward Howe

Lincoln's Assassination

``` John Wilkes Booth shot him Jumped down to the stage and essentially said, in Latin, This is what tyrants deserve. When jumped down broke a leg Soldier shot him but wasn't supposed to Booth died at 56 ```

Assassination Conspiracy

Grant was supposed to come and was going to be shot along with the vice president Andrew Johnson, secretary of state William Henry Seward (stabbed and disfigured face, but not killed), and Lincoln

Gettysburg Address

Edward Everett spoke for 2 hrs. before Lincoln's 2 mins | Said we should fight harder so these men did not die in vain

2nd Inaugural Address

Reached out to South (no hard feelings)

Seceding States (11)

``` South Carolina (1st to secede) Mississippi Alabama Texas Georgia Florida Louisiana Arkansas Virginia Tennessee Missouri ```