Civil War Test Flashcards
Causes of war (8)
Compromise of 1820/ Missouri Compromise Compromise Tariff of 1833 Mexican War Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott Decision Lincoln's Election
What was the Compromise of 1820/ Missouri Compromise and why was it a cause?
Missouri wanted to be a Southern state but no state was ready to join the North
Compromise: Missouri was South state. Maine was a North state. 36˚ 30’ Line
Both still wanted to be on top
What was the Compromise Tariff of 1833 and why was it a cause?
Compromise reached- remove tariffs on top 10 south imports, gradually lower tariffs on other things until basically gone in 10 years.
North was upset
What was the Mexican War and why was it a cause?
1846-1848- a war where America gained Mexican Cession
North felt war only increased South power since most of the land gained was below 36° 30’.
What was the Compromise of 1850 and why was it a cause?
Compromise: CA was a North state. Rest of Mexican Cession was South Fugitive Slave Law passed. South upset because of lost senate power
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act and why was it a cause?
IL Senator Stephen A. Douglas introduced popular sovereignty- territories can vote on whether they want to be a free or slave state.
The state decided, not federal (federal vs. state power). (states will fight)
What was Bleeding Kansas and why was it a cause?
2 rival govts (N and S)= chaos.
More violence & guerilla warfare
What was the Dred Scott Decision and why was it a cause?
Scott was not a citizen= could not sue.
Since property (5th amend.), didn’t matter where the slave was taken.
Cong had no power to ban slavery.
Favored South
What was Lincoln’s election and why was it a cause?
Every S state voted against him (he won)
S had no voice in govt (Pres & Cong were against them)……
Wanted power
South war goal
Fight a defensive war until North tired of fighting
Establish Confederate independence
North war goal
To restore the Union
Bull Run/Manasses: goal, outcome, importance
Goal: Take the railroad into Richmond
Outcome: Southern victory
Importance: Realized that the war was going to be longer than they thought
Antietam/Sharpsburg: goal, outcome, importance
Goal: Lee invade north, defeat McClellan, march on DC- peace, loss- blow to north morale, 1 more victory for Europe to recognize south
Outcome: Technically North won, but South almost did
Importance: Victory that Lincoln needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg: goal, outcome, importance
Goal: Lee brought the fight to the North again to draw Grant from Vicksburg
Outcome: North won
Importance: 1st major battle the South lost
Sherman’s March: goal, outcome, importance
Goal: Total war, split South, destroy Confederate supply lines, bring death and fear to the civilian population, show the world South is weak and near defeat
Outcome: Union troops destroyed Georgia and South Carolina
Importance: Broke Southern will to fight, many deserted to help family
Petersburg: goal, outcome, importance
Goal: Capture Richmond
Outcome: North won
Importance: Northerners captured Richmond
Appomattox Court House: goal, outcome, importance
Goal: Get Lee to surrender
Outcome: Lee surrendered, North won the war
Importance: War ends, Union restored
Southern General
Robert E. Lee
Northern Generals and why they were fired
Winfield Scott: out of shape Irvin McDowell: lost Bull Run (outnumbered South 2 to 1) George McClellan: too careful John Pope: Lied to Lincoln McClellan: too careful Ambrose Burnside: 14 charges (Fredricksburg), cried in front of soldiers Joseph Hooker: Didn't listen to cavalry George Meade: Didn't pursue Lee Ulysses S. Grant: NONE
Emancipation Proclamation
Didn’t actually free any slaves Didn't free slaves in border states 200,000 Africans join the army Southern slaves sabotage South England and France won't help South
Draft Riots
Lincoln signs 1st draft law
Affects all men between 25 and 45, unless not able or a criminal
A drafted man may hire a sub or buy his way out for $300
Critics point to a loss of individual freedom
David Walker
African
An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
Inspired people to become abolitionists
Denmark Vesey
African
Wanted a revolution
(burn Charleston)
(boldness inspired other slaves)
Nat Turner
African
Rise up, kill master and family on all plantations
Killed 55 people before captured and hanged (most deadly)
Sojourner Truth
African
Wanted to raise awareness, lectures, and talks
Most famous speech: “Ain’t I A Woman?”
Frederick Douglass
African
North Star newspaper
Convinced Lincoln to form 54th MA Regiment- 1st black troops in American history
Harriet Tubman
African
Helped people escape on Underground Railroad, helped 300 people, most ever
William Lloyd Garrison
White
Published most read abolitionist newspaper- “The Liberator”
Formed American Anti-Slavery Society- Raised money
Grimké Sisters
White
Gave lectures about slavery
Previous slaveholders (perspective)
Harriet Beecher Stowe
White
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Word to younger people
John Brown
White
Helped start Bleeding Kansas
Harper’s Ferry- Slaves steal weapons from US Army warehouse (martyr)
Susan B. Anthony
Women’s suffrage
Voted illegally dressed as a man, showed herself and got arrested
Emma Williard
Female high school
The 1st high school that taught math, science, etc. instead of sewing, knitting, etc.
Mary Lyon
1st college for girls (Mt. Holyoke)
Elizabeth Blackwell
1st female doctor
Formed 1st female medical school
Seneca Falls Convention
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1848- the start of the women’s movement
Declaration of Sentiments- goals of the movement
Forward March
Command
March forward saying, “Left pause after putting left foot down so right foot can go, Left Pause again, Left, Right, Left (continue)”
Regiments Halt
Command
After forward march, tells regiments to stop marching.
Regiments Front
Command
Front
This was the command where you would come out of regiments right and the soldiers would move so that more soldiers were facing the front than in the command regiments right. When this command was issued it was like 2,000 soldiers across. Usually, it was only used for marching into battle. This way when your marching into battle you look a lot more intimidating
Regiments Right
Command
Columns
Soldiers had to march about 100 miles to get to the battlefield. Since you couldn’t march through towns with like 2,000 soldiers across you went into this position called columns where there were a lot fewer people in the front. This way it was easier to navigate the streets
Always stood shoulder to shoulder. This way it made sure the enemy couldn’t move through your lines and start shooting from behind you
Abner Doubleday
Thought to be the inventor of baseball (not true)
Alexander Jay Cartwright
The inventor of modern baseball rules
Matthew Brady
Main war photographer
Dixie
Southern unofficial anthem
All about the South
Bonnie Blue Flag
About the states that seceded
John Brown’s Body
Northern song
Battle Hymn of the Republic
“Remix” of John Brown’s Body by Julia Ward Howe
Lincoln’s Assassination
John Wilkes Booth shot him Jumped down to the stage and essentially said, in Latin, This is what tyrants deserve. When jumped down broke a leg Soldier shot him but wasn't supposed to Booth died at 56
Assassination Conspiracy
Grant was supposed to come and was going to be shot along with the vice president Andrew Johnson, secretary of state William Henry Seward (stabbed and disfigured face, but not killed), and Lincoln
Gettysburg Address
Edward Everett spoke for 2 hrs. before Lincoln’s 2 mins
Said we should fight harder so these men did not die in vain
2nd Inaugural Address
Reached out to South (no hard feelings)
Seceding States (11)
South Carolina (1st to secede) Mississippi Alabama Texas Georgia Florida Louisiana Arkansas Virginia Tennessee Missouri
