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History - Tudors - Edward VI > Western Rebellion and Kett's Rebellion (Somerset) > Flashcards

Western Rebellion and Kett's Rebellion (Somerset) Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Western Rebellion?

A

-June-August 1549

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2
Q

Why was there a rising in Devon and Cornwall? (WR)

A

-the Western Rebellion has traditionally been called the prayer book rebellion->the rebellion was religiously motivated
-religious tension during the time of the rebellion

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3
Q

Who was William Body and what happened to him? When? (WR)

A

-a local Archdeacon (senior Clergy position) and Protestant sympathiser
-in 1547 he was attacked
-in 1548 he returned to supervise the destruction of images but he was murdered at Helston

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4
Q

What was the impact of William Body’s murder? (WR)

A

-10 people were hung which resulted in resentment

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5
Q

Where did riots happen as a result of the prayer book being introduced? (WR)

A

-prayer book was introduced and riots followed in Bodmin under Arundell

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6
Q

Where did more people rebel after a new service was introduced and where did they join? (WR)

A

-at Whitsun in Devon people rebelled after a new service was introduced and marched to Crediton where they joined Arundell

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7
Q

Who was sent by Somerset and what was a result of this? (WR)

A

-Carew sent in by Somerset and made things worse and accidentally burnt barns

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8
Q

What did the rebels do instead of marching to London and how long did they siege it? (WR)

A

-instead of marching to London the rebels captured Exeter and led to a siege over 6 weeks

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9
Q

Who was Carew replaced with and how much of a force did he have? (WR)

A

-Carew replaced with Russel who had a force of 100

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10
Q

What happened in August 1549 of the Western Rebellion?

A

-by August further government forces forces arrived and relieved Exeter
-later in August the royal army then defeated the rebels who had regrouped at Sampford Courtenay

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11
Q

What was the main cause of Western Rebellion?

A

-they dislike the religious changes being made as they were Catholic

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12
Q

What were the causes of Western Rebellion besides religion?

A

-destruction Chantries
-inflation
-prices of wheat went up

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13
Q

Why did the Western Rebellion take place? When?

A

-1549
-people in poverty were angered by the New Common Prayer Book and all the changes made as Cornwall and Devon were very Catholic

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14
Q

What religion were Devon and Cornwall? (WR)

A

very Catholic

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15
Q

How powerful was the leadership? (WR)

A

-it was very powerful until the decision about Exeter was organised
-lack of support from nobles->poor leadership->not able to rally support

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16
Q

How widespread was support in England? (WR)

A

-support of 6,000 but confined to West country
-no support from Exeter

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17
Q

Did the rebels plan have a chance of success? (WR)

A

-yes if they had marched on London

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18
Q

Was the danger increased by a weak or slow reaction from the government? (WR)

A

-didn’t move quickly->Carew was replaced by Russell
-Somerset was never going to give in over religion

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19
Q

How was the Earl of Arundel involved in the Rebellion? (idk which rebellion)

A

-he met the rebels face-to-face at Arundel Castle
-he set up tables at the courtyard, fed the rebels and found out the causes of their grivances
-when he discovered the gentry were at fault he ordered them to mend their ways
-the rebels then dispersed

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20
Q

What were nobility and the gentry like at the beginning of the Western Rebellion?

A

-either absent or unable to act due to the scale of the unrest

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21
Q

What was the government not aware of at first? (WR)

A

-the scale of the problem in the West Country
-unaware that the rebels from Sampford Courtenay had joined with the Cornish

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22
Q

Why were forces which were sent diverted and what did this result in? (WR)

A

-on their way they were diverted to put down disturbances in Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire->considerable time before a large force arrived in the West

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23
Q

Did it take one battle or multiple battles to defeat the rebels? (WR)

A

-it took a number of battles to beat the rebels

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24
Q

When were the rebels defeated? (WR)

A

-16th August after around 3,000 rebels were killed

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25
Q

When was Kett’s Rebellion?

A

-July- 27th August 1549

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26
Q

What was lacking in London during the time of Kett’s Rebellion?

A

-no standing army

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27
Q

What was the Earl of Warwick’s involvement in Kett’s Rebellion? Who was he?

A

-John Dudley
-was sent to massacre the rebels

28
Q

What were the causes of Kett’s Rebellion?

A

-enclosures
-rising rents
-unemployment
-poverty
-inflation
-dislike of the gentry and landowners (class conflict)
-fishing rights
-decline in the cloth industry
-wanted England to be more Protestant

29
Q

Who was the leader of Kett’s Rebellion?

A

Robert Kett

30
Q

Where did Kett’s Rebellion take place?

A

Norwich, East Anglia (Protestant area)

31
Q

What did Kett’s Rebellion start as?

A

-as an enclosure riot in the Norfolk towns in Attleborough and Wymondham

32
Q

What did Flowerdew do to anger the rebels and who was he? (KR)

A

-rioters were angered by the local lawyer John Flowerdew->he started to demolish the chantry part of the local abbey church he bought and enclosed other land

33
Q

What was Flowerdew’s response to the riots and how did it backfire? (KR)

A

-Kett had also enclosed land-> Flowerdew tried to attempted to turn the protesters against him ->Kett was able to assume leadership of the unrest

34
Q

How many supporters was Kett able to gain in a short period of time and what did they do (as their first step)? (KR)

A

-16,000
-marched towards Norwich and set up camp on the outskirts of Mousehold Heath

35
Q

What did local forces do as a result of the rebels setting up camp on the outskirts of Mousehold Heath? (KR)

A

-they were unable to disperse the rebels and they offered a pardon twice but that also failed

36
Q

How many pardons did local forces give the rebels? (KR)

A

-2

37
Q

What did the rebels seize? (KR)

A

-Norwich

38
Q

How did the government respond to the rebels seizing Norwich and what happened? (KR)

A

-it forced government to act and they sent 14,000 troops under the Marquis of Northampton->his forces were defeated

39
Q

How many troops did the government send to try and defeat the rebels due to them seizing Norwich? (KR)

A

-14,000

40
Q

Who was sent to try and regain control over Norwich and what did it lead to? (KR)

A

-Earl of Warwick (John Dudley) was sent->led to the massacre of around 3,000-4,000 rebels at Dussindale

41
Q

What did the rebels draw up while at camp in Mousehold? (KR)

A

-a wide-ranging list of 29 demands

42
Q

What were the rebels agricultural demands? (KR)

A

-saffron (valuable crop) grown in the area around Saffron Walden
-complaints about gentry manipulation of the foldcourse system (gentry grazed their sheep on the peasants’ fallow and unsown land)->had been exploiting this privilege by extending the time when they can graze their sheep
-common land->gentry had been putting large numbers of sheep onto common land->forced many peasants off common land
-fishing rights->wanting fishing rivers to be open for all->also made demands about coastal fishing industry

43
Q

What were the rebels economic demands? (KR)

A

-rising rents->landowners attempt to put them up due to the effects of hyperinflation

44
Q

What were the religious grievances of the rebels? (KR)

A

-Protestant demands->new prayer book being in English not Cornish ->wanted moves towards Protestantism to be more fast paced

45
Q

What were the social grievances of the rebels? (KR)

A

-the rebels attacked the nobles and gentry as landlords but they also attacked the running of local government->criticising the officers of the Court and Wards and local officials who would use their position to make gains in the land market
-the rebels were very conservative in their demands->accepting the rights of the gentry to keep doves and rabbits but complained when people below the gentry in the social order did

46
Q

How were the rebels conservative in their demands? (KR)

A

-the rebels were very conservative in their demands->accepting the rights of the gentry to keep doves and rabbits but complained when people below the gentry in the social order did

47
Q

How did this view of conservatism be challenged by an article? (KR)

A

-appears to call for the ending of serfdom which still practised in some of the Duke of Norfolk’s estates

48
Q

What social divisions did the rebels have? (KR)

A

-unlike the Western rebels it appears the rebels demands reflected their grievances-> supported their actions=show similar dislike for the gentry
-dislike of the gentry and those running the local government was reflected in the establishment of an alternative system on the Mousehold Heath

49
Q

How did leaders show their maintenance of discipline? (KR)

A

-leaders showed through their maintenance of discipline at a series of camps in East Anglia->maintain order and prevent mob rule

50
Q

In what way where the rebellions causes similar?

A

-caused primarily by religious changes, economic developments and enclosures
-in both rebellions 2 leaders were sent to try and stop the rebellion

51
Q

How was Kett’s Rebellion different from Western Rebellion?

A

-it became more violent
-demands were more Protestant
->they wanted the Edwardian reformation to move faster

52
Q

How powerful and effective was the leadership of Kett’s Rebellion?

A

-somewhat effective leadership-> Kett was forced to rush decisions leaving the well-defended camp at Mousehold to Dussindale

53
Q

How widespread was support in England for Kett’s Rebellion?

A

-16,000 rebels->more support than Western Rebellion
-lack of support from the gentry
-held power in Norwich for 3 days

54
Q

Did the rebels plan had a chance of success (KR)?

A

-yes if Kett hadn’t left Mousehold

55
Q

Was the danger increased by weak of slow reaction from the government (KR)?

A

-government had to send a large force of 12,000 men and the Earl of Warwick->led to 3,000 rebels killed

56
Q

How were the rebels punished? (KR)

A

-Kett was hung and 49 other rebels were executed

57
Q

How threatening were the rebellions overall?

A

-they were quite threatening
-they threatened key changes that the government had made
-government used force twice in both rebellions and resulted in killing rebels
-were offered a pardon twice and it didn’t stop them

58
Q

How many areas of unrest were there in 1549?

A

-25

59
Q

How many rebellions were there in 1549?

A

2

60
Q

What is the difference between unrest and rebellion?

A

-a rebellion is where the government responds

61
Q

What was Somerset’s reputation like?

A

-poor as he wasn’t helping people who needed it
-both rebellions were due to changes he had made which caused him to loose popularity

62
Q

Why did the rebellions in 1549 fail and were they a threat to the government?

A

-class hostility increased
-other disturbances were easily put down by the local gentry or nobility but Kett and Western rebellions led to full scale rebellions
-the government was already vulnerable due to war with Scotland and France so forces were on standby or in battle->not enough forces to help put down the rebellions

63
Q

Why did the Western rebels receive harsher treatments than Kett’s?

A

-the larger number of uprisings stretched the government’s capacity
-the government was forced to abandon its policy in Scotland and to use full scale military force against its own people->attempt to disperse the rebels by offering pardons but when that didn’t work they had to use force

64
Q

How much of a threat were both rebellions?

A

-had the potential to cause serious problems for the government but the amount of forces they had was no match for the rebels

65
Q

Which rebellion was more threatening?

A

-Kett’s rebellion because the government had to use more force when trying to put it down
-the rebels had multiple bases which shows that they were organised whereas the Western rebels were unable to take London and Exeter
-the Western rebellion failed to cooperate with other risings which meant they didn’t have much support whereas Kett’s rebellion did

History - Tudors - Edward VI (11 decks)

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