western & eastern thought

Question 1

Emphasizes personal autonomy, independence, and self-reliance. Individuals in these cultures are encouraged to pursue their own goals, make independent decisions, and take responsibility for their actions.

Answer 1

Individualistic self

Question 2

Emphasizes group identity, interdependence, and conformity to social norms. Individuals in these cultures derive their sense of self from their belonging to a group and prioritize group harmony and unity.

Answer 2

Collective self

Question 3

describes the Western concept of the self as dynamic and influenced by individual characteristics, including race, gender, social status, and cultural background.

Answer 3

Ecological self

Question 4

a Chinese philosopher who lived during the Zhou Dynasty (551 BCE). His humanistic social philosophy emphasized the importance of society and community in shaping values and individual development.

Answer 4

Confucius philosophy

Question 5

refers to human goodness and compassion, distinguishing humans from animals. This emphasizes the emotional and intellectual basis of human relationships.

Answer 5

Ren (human goodness)

Question 6

Refers to rules of conduct and social rituals that guide human actions, upholding community traditions and promoting self-mastery.

Answer 6

Li (property)

Question 7

Represents the virtue of respect and reverence for one’s family, especially parents. It emphasizes the importance of family ties and the role of the family in shaping individual values and behavior.

Answer 7

Xiao (Filiality)

Question 8

Encompasses the concept of acting morally and upholding justice, regardless of personal gain. It promotes selflessness and prioritizing the well-being of others.

Answer 8

Yi (Rightness)