psychology Flashcards
defined as the study of behavior, aiming to describe, explain, predict, and control it.
Psychology
outlined five key characteristics of human thoughts: ownership, Constancy of Change, Continuity, Independence, Focus
William James
Thoughts belong to a personal self.
Ownership
Thoughts are dynamic and constantly evolving.
Constancy of Change
Thoughts flow from one object to another, creating a sense of coherence.
Continuity
Thoughts are distinct from and independent of consciousness itself.
Independence
Consciousness can selectively attend to certain objects while ignoring others.
Focus
The self as an object of observation and description.
The “Me” Self (Empirical Me)
The self as the subject of consciousness, the thinking self.
The “I” Self (Pure Ego)
Components of the “Me” Self:
Material self, social self, spritual self
Includes possessions, body, and things we identify with.
Material self
The self as perceived by others, shaped by social situations.
Social self
The inner self, including personality, values, and morals, often considered the most stable and subjective aspect of the self.
Spiritual self
The overall self-concept, encompassing all self-perceptions.
Global self
The ability to separate feelings and thoughts, recognizing individual uniqueness and individuality.
Differentiated self
The perception of oneself based on self-knowledge and experiences.
Real self concepy
The idealized version of oneself, often influenced by societal expectations and personal aspirations.
Ideal self concept
Suggests that the self comprises different aspects that emerge in various situations.
Multiple selves theory
A person with an integrated sense of self, able to accept and navigate the complexities of life with multiple aspects.
Unified self
Authentic, spontaneous, and open, embracing strengths and weaknesses.
True self
A defensive mechanism, often a mask hiding the true self for fear of rejection.
False self
Emphasizes the proactive nature of humans, their ability to regulate, reflect on, and organize their behavior.
Social cognitive theory
The capacity for intentional behavior, foresight, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness.
Human agency
